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v2.21.0 — Feb 10, 2026

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v2.21.0 Latest

Feb 10, 2026

📋 Release Notes

🏷️ [v2.21.0] - 2026-02-10

---

✨ New Features

🔎 Django Q Object Support in Query Schemas and Filters

ninja_aio/schemas/helpers.py, ninja_aio/schemas/filters.py, ninja_aio/models/utils.py, ninja_aio/views/mixins.py

ObjectQuerySchema, ObjectsQuerySchema, and QuerySchema now accept Django Q objects in their filters and getters fields, enabling complex query expressions with OR/AND logic.

Q objects in filters (list operations):

from django.db.models import Q
from ninja_aio.schemas.helpers import ObjectsQuerySchema

# Complex OR conditions
qs = await model_util.get_objects(
    request,
    query_data=ObjectsQuerySchema(
        filters=Q(status="published") | Q(featured=True),
    ),
)

Q objects in getters (single object retrieval):

from ninja_aio.schemas.helpers import ObjectQuerySchema

obj = await model_util.get_object(
    request,
    pk=42,
    query_data=ObjectQuerySchema(
        getters=Q(is_active=True) & Q(role="admin"),
    ),
)

Q objects in MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixin:

from django.db.models import Q
from ninja_aio.schemas import MatchCaseFilterSchema, MatchConditionFilterSchema, BooleanMatchFilterSchema

class ArticleViewSet(MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixin, APIViewSet):
    filters_match_cases = [
        MatchCaseFilterSchema(
            query_param="is_featured",
            cases=BooleanMatchFilterSchema(
                true=MatchConditionFilterSchema(
                    query_filter=Q(status="published") & Q(priority__gte=5),
                    include=True,
                ),
                false=MatchConditionFilterSchema(
                    query_filter=Q(status="published") & Q(priority__gte=5),
                    include=False,
                ),
            ),
        ),
    ]

Implementation details:

File	Changes
ninja_aio/schemas/helpers.py	filters and getters accept dict \| Q, added ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
ninja_aio/schemas/filters.py	MatchConditionFilterSchema.query_filter accepts dict \| Q, added ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
ninja_aio/models/utils.py	_get_base_queryset() and get_object() handle Q with isinstance check
ninja_aio/views/mixins.py	MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixin applies Q objects directly via filter()/exclude()

---

📚 Documentation

• Updated docs/api/models/model_util.md with Q object examples for get_objects() and get_object()
• Updated docs/api/views/mixins.md with Q object example for MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixin

---

🧪 Tests

MatchCaseQFilterViewSetMixinTestCase — 3 tests

Q objects in MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixin:

Test	Verifies
test_match_case_q_filter_true_includes	✅ Q object filter with include=True returns matching records
test_match_case_q_filter_false_excludes	✅ Q object filter with include=False excludes matching records
test_match_case_q_filter_no_param_returns_all	✅ No filter param returns all records

MatchCaseQExcludeFilterViewSetMixinTestCase — 2 tests

Q objects with exclude behavior:

Test	Verifies
test_match_case_q_exclude_true	✅ Q object exclude with True value excludes matching records
test_match_case_q_exclude_false_includes_only	✅ Q object exclude with False value includes only matching records

ModelUtilQObjectFiltersTestCase — 5 tests

Q objects in ModelUtil filters and getters:

Test	Verifies
test_get_objects_with_q_filter	✅ _get_base_queryset applies Q filter correctly
test_get_objects_with_q_filter_or	✅ Q filter with OR logic returns multiple matches
test_get_object_with_q_getter	✅ get_object applies Q getter with pk
test_get_object_with_q_getter_no_pk	✅ get_object applies Q getter without pk
test_get_object_with_q_getter_not_found	✅ get_object raises NotFoundError when Q getter has no match

New test viewsets:

File	Addition
tests/test_app/views.py	TestModelSerializerMatchCaseQFilterAPI — MatchCaseFilter with Q objects
tests/test_app/views.py	TestModelSerializerMatchCaseQExcludeFilterAPI — MatchCaseFilter with Q exclude

---

🎯 Summary

Version 2.21.0 adds Django Q object support across query schemas, filters, and match-case mixins, enabling complex OR/AND query expressions without writing custom queryset logic.

Key benefits:
- 🔎 Q Object Support — Use Django Q objects for complex OR/AND queries in filters, getters, and match-case filters
- 🎯 Zero Breaking Changes — Existing dict-based filters continue to work unchanged
- ⚡ Zero Runtime Cost — Q objects are passed directly to Django ORM with no overhead

---

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.20.0

Feb 09, 2026

📋 Release Notes

🏷️ [v2.20.0] - 2026-02-09

---

✨ New Features

🔒 Generic Type System for Full Type Safety

ninja_aio/models/utils.py, ninja_aio/models/serializers.py, ninja_aio/views/api.py, ninja_aio/views/mixins.py, ninja_aio/api.py

The entire framework is now fully generic, providing complete IDE autocomplete and static type checking for all CRUD operations. When you specify model type parameters, type checkers (mypy, pyright, pylance) understand exactly which model types are being used.

Generic Serializer[ModelT] — Type-safe CRUD methods:

from ninja_aio.models.serializers import Serializer, SchemaModelConfig
from myapp.models import Book

class BookSerializer(Serializer[Book]):  # 👈 Specify model type
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        schema_in = SchemaModelConfig(fields=["title", "author"])
        schema_out = SchemaModelConfig(fields=["id", "title", "author"])

# All methods are now properly typed!
serializer = BookSerializer()

book: Book = await serializer.create({"title": "1984"})  # ✅ Returns Book
book: Book = await serializer.save(book)                  # ✅ Accepts/returns Book
data: dict = await serializer.model_dump(book)            # ✅ Accepts Book

Generic APIViewSet[ModelT] — Type-safe model_util access:

from ninja_aio.views import APIViewSet
from ninja_aio.api import NinjaAIO

api = NinjaAIO()

@api.viewset(Book)
class BookAPI(APIViewSet[Book]):  # 👈 Explicitly typed
    async def my_method(self, request):
        # self.model_util is typed as ModelUtil[Book]
        book: Book = await self.model_util.get_object(request, pk=1)
        print(book.title)  # ✅ IDE autocomplete works!

Generic ModelUtil[ModelT] — Automatic type inference:

from ninja_aio.models.utils import ModelUtil

# Type automatically inferred as ModelUtil[Book]
util = ModelUtil(Book)

book: Book = await util.get_object(request, pk=1)        # ✅ Returns Book
books: QuerySet[Book] = await util.get_objects(request)  # ✅ Returns QuerySet[Book]

Generic Mixins — All filter mixins are now generic:

from ninja_aio.views.mixins import IcontainsFilterViewSetMixin

@api.viewset(Author)
class AuthorAPI(IcontainsFilterViewSetMixin[Author]):  # 👈 Specify type
    query_params = {"name": (str, None)}

    async def custom_method(self, request):
        author: Author = await self.model_util.get_object(request, pk=1)
        print(author.name)  # ✅ Autocomplete works!

Key benefits:
- ✅ IDE Autocomplete — Your IDE suggests correct model fields and methods
- ✅ Type Checking — Type checkers catch errors at development time
- ✅ Better Refactoring — Renaming fields or changing types is caught automatically
- ✅ Zero Runtime Overhead — Generic types are erased at runtime

Implementation details:

File	Changes
ninja_aio/models/utils.py	ModelUtil → ModelUtil(Generic[ModelT]), all methods typed with ModelT
ninja_aio/models/serializers.py	Serializer → Serializer(Generic[ModelT]), CRUD methods return/accept ModelT
ninja_aio/views/api.py	APIViewSet → APIViewSet(Generic[ModelT]), model_util typed as ModelUtil[ModelT]
ninja_aio/views/mixins.py	All mixins → Mixin(APIViewSet[ModelT])
ninja_aio/api.py	viewset() decorator preserves ViewSet type via ViewSetT TypeVar

Type Variable definitions:

# Consistent across all modules
ModelT = TypeVar("ModelT", bound=models.Model)
ViewSetT = TypeVar("ViewSetT", bound=APIViewSet)  # api.py only

Updated docstrings:

All generic classes now include comprehensive type safety examples in their docstrings showing:
- How to specify type parameters
- Expected return types for all methods
- IDE autocomplete behavior
- Type inference patterns

---

🔍 Field Change Detection Method

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Added has_changed(instance, field) method to Serializer class for detecting if a model field has changed compared to its persisted database value.

@api.viewset(Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer

    async def custom_update(self, request, pk: int, data):
        article = await Article.objects.aget(pk=pk)
        article.title = data.title

        # Check if title changed before sending notification
        if self.serializer.has_changed(article, "title"):
            await send_notification(f"Title updated: {article.title}")

        await article.asave()
        return await self.serializer.model_dump(article)

Use cases:
- 🔔 Conditional notifications (only notify if a specific field changed)
- 📝 Audit logging (track which fields were modified)
- ✅ Validation (enforce business rules based on field changes)
- 🗄️ Caching (invalidate cache only when relevant fields change)

Behavior:
- Returns True if in-memory value differs from DB value
- Returns False for new instances (those without a primary key)
- Performs a targeted query: .filter(pk=pk).values(field).get()[field]

---

📤 Custom Schema Parameter for Serialization Methods

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Both model_dump() and models_dump() now accept an optional schema parameter, allowing you to specify a custom schema for serialization instead of using the default (detail or read schema).

model_dump(instance, schema=None) — Serialize single instance:

# Use default schema (detail schema if defined, otherwise read schema)
data = await serializer.model_dump(article)

# Use a specific custom schema
custom_schema = ArticleSerializer.generate_read_s()
data = await serializer.model_dump(article, schema=custom_schema)

models_dump(instances, schema=None) — Serialize multiple instances:

# Use default schema
articles = Article.objects.all()
data = await serializer.models_dump(articles)

# Use a specific custom schema
custom_schema = ArticleSerializer.generate_read_s()
data = await serializer.models_dump(articles, schema=custom_schema)

New internal method:

Method	Description
_get_dump_schema(schema=None)	🎯 Returns provided schema, or falls back to detail schema → read schema

Use cases:
- 🎨 Different response formats for the same endpoint
- 📊 Custom schemas for exports (CSV, Excel, PDF)
- 🔐 Role-based field visibility (admin vs user schemas)
- ⚡ Performance optimization (minimal schemas for bulk operations)

---

📚 Documentation

🆕 Type Hints & Type Safety Documentation

docs/api/type_hints.md (NEW)

Created comprehensive documentation covering the new generic type system:

Sections:
- 📖 Overview — Benefits of type safety (autocomplete, type checking, refactoring, zero overhead)
- 🔧 Generic Serializer — Basic usage, benefits, and examples
- 🎯 Generic APIViewSet — Three approaches: Type the ViewSet, Type the Serializer (recommended), or both
- 🛠️ Generic ModelUtil — Automatic type inference examples
- 🔌 Generic Mixins — All six filter mixins with type parameters
- ❓ Why Explicit Type Parameters? — Python's type system limitations explained
- 📊 Framework Comparison — Django Stubs, FastAPI, SQLAlchemy patterns
- ⚙️ Type Checker Configuration — Setup for VS Code (Pylance), PyCharm, mypy
- 🐛 Troubleshooting — Common issues and solutions
- 📋 Summary Table — Quick reference for all usage patterns

Added to mkdocs navigation:

- API Reference:
    - Type Hints & Type Safety: api/type_hints.md  # 👈 First item
    - Views: ...

---

📝 Serializer Documentation Updates

docs/api/models/serializers.md

Added three new sections to document the latest Serializer improvements:

1. Serialization Methods — Documents model_dump() and models_dump() with optional schema parameter:
- Default schema usage (detail → read fallback)
- Custom schema usage examples
- Type hints showing proper typing

2. Field Change Detection — Documents has_changed() method:
- Practical example with conditional notifications
- Four key use cases (notifications, audit logging, validation, caching)
- Behavior note for new instances

3. Type Safety Integration — Updated Generic Serializer section to show:
- Optional custom schema usage in type hints
- Integration with typed CRUD methods

---

🏠 README Updates

README.md

Added Type Safety as the first feature in the features table:

Feature	Technology	Description
🔒 Type Safety	Generic classes	Full IDE autocomplete and type checking with generic ModelUtil, Serializer, and APIViewSet

---

🎯 Summary

Version 2.20.0 introduces comprehensive type safety across the entire framework through generic classes, bringing django-ninja-aio-crud on par with modern Python frameworks in terms of static type analysis support.

Key benefits:
- 🎯 Zero Breaking Changes — All existing code continues to work without modification
- 🔒 Type Safety — Full IDE autocomplete and type checking when you specify type parameters
- 📚 Documentation — Comprehensive guide covering all type safety patterns
- 🛠️ Enhanced Serializers — Field change detection and flexible schema dumping
- ⚡ Zero Runtime Cost — Generic types are erased at runtime, no performance impact

Three typing approaches:
1. Type the Serializer (Recommended) — Type once, all serializer methods typed
2. Type the ViewSet — For model_util-heavy code
3. Type both — Maximum type safety everywhere

The framework now provides the same level of type safety as Django Stubs, FastAPI, and SQLAlchemy 2.0 while maintaining its async-first design and zero-boilerplate philosophy.

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.19.0

Feb 04, 2026

📋 Release Notes

🏷️ [v2.19.0] - 2026-02-04

---

✨ New Features

🔧 Schema Method Overrides on Serializer Inner Classes

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

You can now define Pydantic schema method overrides (e.g., model_dump, model_validate, custom properties) on serializer inner classes. The framework automatically injects these methods into the generated Pydantic schema subclass, with full super() support via __class__ cell rebinding.

ModelSerializer — define on inner serializer classes:

from __future__ import annotations
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from ninja import Schema

class MyModel(ModelSerializer):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "name"]

        def model_dump(
            self: Schema,
            *,
            mode: str = "python",
            include: Any = None,
            exclude: Any = None,
            context: Any = None,
            by_alias: bool = False,
            exclude_unset: bool = False,
            exclude_defaults: bool = False,
            exclude_none: bool = False,
            round_trip: bool = False,
            warnings: bool | str = True,
            serialize_as_any: bool = False,
        ) -> dict[str, Any]:
            data = super().model_dump(
                mode=mode, include=include, exclude=exclude,
                context=context, by_alias=by_alias,
                exclude_unset=exclude_unset, exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
                exclude_none=exclude_none, round_trip=round_trip,
                warnings=warnings, serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
            )
            data["name"] = data["name"].upper()
            return data

Serializer (Meta-driven) — define on validator inner classes:

class MySerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = MyModel
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(fields=["id", "name"])

    class ReadValidators:
        def model_dump(self: Schema, **kwargs) -> dict[str, Any]:
            data = super().model_dump(**kwargs)
            data["name"] = data["name"].upper()
            return data

New core methods on BaseSerializer:

Method	Description
_collect_schema_overrides(source_class)	🔍 Scans a class for regular callables that aren't validators, config attrs, or dunders
_get_schema_overrides(schema_type)	🗺️ Maps schema types to their override source class (overridden per serializer)

Implementation details:
- Overrides are collected alongside validators during schema generation
- __class__ cell rebinding via types.FunctionType + types.CellType ensures bare super() resolves to the correct subclass
- Validators, model_config, and method overrides coexist on the same inner class
- _CONFIG_ATTRS frozenset filters out configuration attributes (fields, customs, optionals, excludes, relations_as_id, model_config)

---

⚙️ Pydantic model_config Support on Serializers

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Both serializer patterns now support applying Pydantic ConfigDict to generated schemas.

ModelSerializer — via model_config attribute:

from pydantic import ConfigDict

class MyModel(ModelSerializer):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    class CreateSerializer:
        fields = ["name"]
        model_config = ConfigDict(str_strip_whitespace=True)

Serializer (Meta-driven) — via model_config_override in SchemaModelConfig:

class MySerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = MyModel
        schema_in = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["name"],
            model_config_override=ConfigDict(str_strip_whitespace=True),
        )

New core methods on BaseSerializer:

Method	Description
_get_model_config(schema_type)	Returns ConfigDict for the given schema type

New field on SchemaModelConfig:

Field	Type	Description
model_config_override	Optional[dict]	Pydantic ConfigDict to apply to the generated schema

---

🔬 Framework Comparison Benchmark Suite

tests/comparison/

Added a comprehensive benchmark suite comparing django-ninja-aio-crud against other popular Python REST frameworks using the same Django models and database.

Compared frameworks:
- 🟣 django-ninja-aio-crud — Native async CRUD automation
- 🔵 Django Ninja (pure) — Async-ready, manual endpoint definition
- 🟠 ADRF — Async Django REST Framework
- 🟢 FastAPI — Native async, Starlette-based

Operations tested: create, list, retrieve, update, delete, filter, relation serialization, bulk serialization (100 & 500 items)

New files:

File	Description
tests/comparison/base.py	Base benchmark test class
tests/comparison/test_comparison.py	Comparison benchmark tests
tests/comparison/frameworks/	Framework-specific implementations (ninja_aio, ninja, adrf, fastapi)
tests/comparison/generate_report.py	Interactive HTML report generator
tests/comparison/generate_markdown.py	Markdown report generator
run-comparison.sh	Helper script to run benchmarks and generate reports

---

📊 Performance Analysis Tools

tests/performance/tools/

Added statistical analysis tools for detecting performance regressions and analyzing benchmark stability.

Tool	Description
detect_regression.py	Statistical regression detection with σ significance (CI/CD recommended)
analyze_perf.py	Quick overview of recent benchmark runs
analyze_variance.py	Benchmark stability and coefficient of variation analysis
compare_days.py	Day-over-day performance comparison
check-performance.sh	Helper script for running all analysis tools

---

🔧 Improvements

📱 Mobile Chart Fix in Reports

tests/performance/generate_report.py, tests/comparison/generate_report.py

Fixed Chart.js charts rendering incorrectly on mobile viewports by adding maintainAspectRatio: false to all chart configurations, allowing charts to properly respect their container's CSS height constraints.

---

🎨 Enhanced HTML Report Generation

tests/comparison/generate_report.py, tests/performance/generate_report.py

• 🏆 Winner highlighting in comparison tables with purple accent
• 🌗 Light/dark mode support via prefers-color-scheme
• 📱 Responsive design with mobile breakpoints (768px, 480px)
• 📈 Interactive Chart.js bar and trend charts

---

📚 Documentation

Updated documentation for model_config, schema method overrides, and self: Schema typing pattern across model serializer, serializer, and validators docs. Added Pydantic ConfigDict and BaseModel API reference links. Added warning about no automatic argument hinting on inner classes. Updated deployment, troubleshooting, and contributing guides. Rebranded all references from "Django Ninja Aio CRUD" to "Django Ninja AIO".

---

🧪 Tests

ModelSerializerSchemaOverridesTestCase — 3 tests

Category: Schema method override verification (ModelSerializer)

Test	Verifies
test_model_dump_override_applied	✅ model_dump override transforms output correctly
test_super_call_works	✅ Bare super() resolves correctly in injected methods
test_model_dump_kwargs_passthrough	✅ All model_dump kwargs are forwarded properly

MetaSerializerSchemaOverridesTestCase — 2 tests

Category: Schema method override verification (Meta-driven Serializer)

Test	Verifies
test_model_dump_override_applied	✅ model_dump override transforms output on Meta-driven Serializer
test_super_call_works	✅ Bare super() resolves correctly in Meta-driven overrides

CollectSchemaOverridesTestCase — 6 tests

Category: _collect_schema_overrides unit tests

Test	Verifies
test_collects_regular_methods	✅ Regular methods are collected
test_skips_validators	✅ PydanticDescriptorProxy instances are skipped
test_skips_config_attrs	✅ Config attributes (fields, customs, etc.) are skipped
test_skips_dunders	✅ Dunder methods are skipped
test_returns_empty_for_none	✅ Returns empty dict for None input
test_collects_staticmethod_classmethod	✅ Static and class methods are collected

BaseSerializerSchemaOverridesDefaultTestCase — 2 tests

Category: Default behavior and override-only application

Test	Verifies
test_default_returns_empty	✅ Base _get_schema_overrides returns empty dict
test_apply_overrides_only	✅ Overrides work without validators

ModelConfigTestCase — 10 tests

Category: Pydantic model_config / model_config_override support

Test	Verifies
test_model_config_*	✅ ConfigDict applied to ModelSerializer schemas (create/read/update)
test_meta_model_config_override_*	✅ ConfigDict applied to Meta-driven Serializer schemas
test_str_strip_whitespace	✅ Whitespace stripping works end-to-end

New test fixtures:

File	Addition
tests/test_app/models.py	TestModelWithSchemaOverrides — ModelSerializer with model_dump override on ReadSerializer
tests/test_app/serializers.py	TestModelWithSchemaOverridesMetaSerializer — Serializer with model_dump override on ReadValidators
tests/test_app/serializers.py	TestModelWithModelConfigMetaSerializer — Serializer with model_config_override on all schemas

Test results:
- ✅ 656 tests pass
- ✅ 99% coverage on ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

---

🎯 Summary

Django Ninja AIO v2.19.0 introduces two major serializer features: schema method overrides and Pydantic model_config support. Schema method overrides let you inject custom methods (like model_dump) into generated Pydantic schemas from inner serializer classes, with full super() support via __class__ cell rebinding. Pydantic ConfigDict can now be applied per-schema for configuration like str_strip_whitespace. This release also adds a framework comparison benchmark suite and statistical performance analysis tools.

Key benefits:
- 🔧 Schema Method Overrides — Inject custom model_dump, model_validate, or any method into generated schemas with bare super() support
- ⚙️ Pydantic ConfigDict — Apply model_config per-schema on both ModelSerializer and Meta-driven Serializer
- 🔬 Framework Comparison — Benchmark against Django Ninja, ADRF, and FastAPI with interactive HTML reports
- 📊 Regression Detection — Statistical tools for detecting performance regressions in CI/CD
- 📱 Mobile-Fixed Charts — Chart.js charts render correctly on mobile viewports
- 🧪 23 New Tests — Comprehensive coverage for overrides, model_config, and edge cases
- 🔄 Backward Compatible — All changes are additive with no breaking changes

---

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.18.3

Feb 02, 2026

📋 Release Notes

🏷️ [v2.18.3] - 2026-02-02

---

⚡ Performance Improvements

🚀 Foreign Key Resolution Optimization

ninja_aio/models/utils.py

Eliminated redundant database queries during create and update operations by optimizing how foreign key relationships are loaded after object persistence.

The Problem:

When creating or updating objects with foreign key fields, the framework was fetching FK relationships twice:
1. Once in _resolve_fk() to convert FK IDs to model instances (required by Django's ORM)
2. Again in get_object() with select_related when retrieving the created/updated object

Example of redundancy:

# User creates: POST {"name": "Article", "author_id": 5}

# Before optimization:
# Query 1: SELECT * FROM author WHERE id = 5        (_resolve_fk)
# Query 2: INSERT INTO article (name, author_id) VALUES (...)
# Query 3: SELECT * FROM article
#          LEFT JOIN author ON ...
#          WHERE id = 123                             (get_object - redundant!)

# After optimization:
# Query 1: SELECT * FROM author WHERE id = 5        (_resolve_fk)
# Query 2: INSERT INTO article (name, author_id) VALUES (...)
# Query 3: SELECT * FROM article WHERE id = 123     (prefetch reverse relations only)
#          # FK already in memory, not re-fetched!

---

New method:

Method	Line	Description
_prefetch_reverse_relations_on_instance()	645-689	Prefetches only reverse relations (reverse FK, reverse O2O, M2M) on an existing instance without re-fetching forward FKs

How it works:

1. No reverse relations → Returns original instance with FK cache intact
2. Reverse relations exist → Refetches instance with:
   - prefetch_related() for reverse relations
   - select_related() for forward FKs to keep them loaded

Modified methods:

Method	Line	Change
create_s()	883-899	Now keeps full object from acreate() instead of just PK; calls _prefetch_reverse_relations_on_instance() instead of get_object()
update_s()	1085-1100	Calls _prefetch_reverse_relations_on_instance() instead of second get_object() after save
_resolve_fk()	632-634	Added None check for nullable FK fields

---

Performance impact:

Operation	Before	After	Queries Saved
Create (with FK, no reverse rels)	FK fetch → Create → Full refetch (FK + reverse)	FK fetch → Create → Return (FK in memory)	1 FK query ✅
Create (with FK + reverse rels)	FK fetch → Create → Full refetch (FK + reverse)	FK fetch → Create → Refetch (FK + reverse)	1 FK query ✅
Update (changing FK, no reverse rels)	Full fetch → New FK fetch → Update → Full refetch	Full fetch → New FK fetch → Update → Return (FK in memory)	1 FK query ✅
Update (changing FK + reverse rels)	Full fetch → New FK fetch → Update → Full refetch	Full fetch → New FK fetch → Update → Refetch (FK + reverse)	1 FK query ✅

Real-world example:

@api.viewset(model=Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    pass

# POST /articles/
# Payload: {"title": "Django Ninja", "author_id": 5}
#
# Before: 3 queries (2 for author FK - redundant!)
# After:  2 queries (1 for author FK)
#
# Result: 33% fewer queries for create operations with FKs!

---

Edge case handling:

Scenario	Behavior
Nullable FK with None value	Skips FK resolution (line 632-634)
Model with FK but no reverse relations	Returns original instance, no refetch needed
Model with FK and reverse relations	Refetches with both select_related and prefetch_related
Model without FK fields	No change in behavior

---

🧪 Tests

FKOptimizationTestCase — 9 new tests

Test file: tests/models/test_fk_optimization.py (new file, 345 lines)

Category: Functional correctness verification

Test	Verifies
test_create_s_with_fk_returns_correct_data	✅ Create operations with FK fields produce correct results
test_create_s_fk_instance_attached	✅ FK instances are accessible in returned data without N+1 queries
test_update_s_with_fk_change	✅ Update operations correctly change FK values
test_update_s_fk_instance_attached	✅ Updated FK instances are accessible in returned data
test_create_s_without_fk_still_works	✅ Models without FK fields continue to work correctly
test_reverse_relations_loaded_after_create	✅ Forward FK relationships are properly loaded after create
test_multiple_creates_with_same_fk	✅ Repeated creates with same FK value work correctly
test_parent_model_with_reverse_relations	✅ Models with reverse relations are handled correctly
test_update_s_without_changing_fk	✅ Partial updates that don't change FK fields work correctly

New test fixtures:

File	Addition
tests/test_app/models.py	Models already existed for FK testing (TestModelSerializerForeignKey, TestModelSerializerReverseForeignKey)

Test results:
- ✅ 617 tests pass (up from 608)
- ✅ 19 performance tests pass
- ✅ 99% coverage on ninja_aio/models/utils.py (line 686 is defensive code for models with both forward FKs and reverse relations - not exercised by current test suite but important for real-world usage)

---

🎯 Summary

Django Ninja Aio CRUD v2.18.3 is a performance optimization release that eliminates redundant foreign key queries during create and update operations. By intelligently caching FK instances resolved during input parsing and only refetching reverse relations when necessary, the framework reduces database queries by 33% for typical CRUD operations involving foreign keys. This optimization is completely transparent to end users - no code changes required - while delivering measurable performance improvements for API endpoints with relational data.

Key benefits:
- ⚡ 33% Fewer Queries — One less DB query per create/update operation with foreign keys
- 🎯 Smart Caching — Forward FKs kept in memory after resolution, only reverse relations refetched when needed
- 🔒 Zero Breaking Changes — Completely backward compatible, optimization happens automatically
- 🧪 Thoroughly Tested — 9 new tests covering all FK scenarios and edge cases
- 📊 Performance Benchmarks — All 19 performance tests pass with no regressions
- 💡 Transparent — No code changes needed to benefit from optimization

---

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.18.1

Feb 01, 2026

📋 Release Notes

🏷️ [v2.18.1] - 2026-02-01

---

🔒 Security Fixes

🔄 Circular Reference Protection

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Fixed potential infinite recursion and stack overflow from circular model relationships by adding thread-safe circular reference detection.

New methods:

Method	Line	Description
_resolution_context	1921	Thread-local storage for resolution stack
_get_resolution_stack()	1926-1934	Returns resolution stack for current thread
_is_circular_reference()	1937-1954	Checks if model/schema_type is already being resolved
_push_resolution()	1957-1962	Pushes model/schema_type onto resolution stack
_pop_resolution()	1965-1969	Pops model/schema_type from resolution stack

Enhanced method:
- _resolve_related_model_schema() (lines 1994-2039) - Now detects circular references and raises ValueError with clear message

Example scenario that previously caused infinite recursion:

class Author(ModelSerializer):
    articles = models.ManyToManyField('Article', related_name='authors')
    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ['id', 'name', 'articles']

class Article(ModelSerializer):
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author, related_name='articles')
    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ['id', 'title', 'authors']  # Circular!

Now raises a clear error instead of causing stack overflow.

---

🛡️ Field Injection Prevention

ninja_aio/models/utils.py

Fixed potential security vulnerability by adding input field validation to prevent malicious field injection in payloads.

New methods:

Method	Line	Description
get_valid_input_fields()	2282-2322	Returns allowlist of valid field names from model
_validate_input_fields()	2440-2476	Validates payload fields against model, raises ValueError for invalid fields

Applied in:
- parse_input_data() (line 908) - Validates all input payloads before processing

Now blocks malicious payloads:

{
    "username": "hacker",
    "password": "secret",
    "_state": {},  # ❌ Now blocked
    "pk": 999,     # ❌ Now blocked if not in model fields
}

---

🔍 Filter Field Validation

ninja_aio/views/api.py

Fixed potential filter injection vulnerability by adding comprehensive filter field validation.

New validation methods:

Method	Line	Description
_validate_filter_field()	2749-2840	Main validation method for filter field paths
_is_lookup_suffix()	Helper	Checks if suffix is valid Django lookup (e.g., __icontains, __gte)
_get_related_model()	Helper	Extracts related model from ForeignKey/ManyToMany field
_validate_non_relation_field()	Helper	Validates non-relation field placement in path

Applied to all filter mixins:
- IcontainsFilterViewSetMixin (lines 2886-2904)
- BooleanFilterViewSetMixin (lines 2907-2920)
- NumericFilterViewSetMixin (lines 2923-2936)
- DateFilterViewSetMixin (lines 2939-2952)
- RelationFilterViewSetMixin (lines 2955-2968)
- MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixin (lines 2971-2984)

Now blocks injection attempts:

?author___state__db=malicious  # ❌ Now blocked (invalid lookup)
?author__password__icontains=admin  # ❌ Now blocked (invalid field path)

---

🎯 Django Lookup Types

ninja_aio/types.py

Added DjangoLookup type and VALID_DJANGO_LOOKUPS set containing all 36 valid Django ORM lookup suffixes for validation.

Valid lookups:
- Equality: exact, iexact
- Comparison: gt, gte, lt, lte, range
- Text: contains, icontains, startswith, istartswith, endswith, iendswith, regex, iregex
- Boolean: isnull, in
- Date/Time: date, year, month, day, week, week_day, quarter, time, hour, minute, second

---

🚀 Performance Improvements

⚡ Schema Generation Caching

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Added @lru_cache(maxsize=128) to all schema generation methods, dramatically reducing repeated schema generation overhead.

Cached methods:

Method	Line	Expected Speedup
generate_read_s()	1193	10-100x for repeated calls
generate_detail_s()	1207	10-100x for repeated calls
generate_create_s()	1225	10-100x for repeated calls
generate_update_s()	1238	10-100x for repeated calls
generate_related_s()	1252	10-100x for repeated calls

Benefit: Schema generation is expensive (Pydantic model creation, validator collection, etc.). Since model structure is static, caching eliminates redundant work.

---

⚡ Relation Discovery Caching

ninja_aio/models/utils.py

Added class-level _relation_cache dictionary to cache discovered model relationships.

Cached methods:

Method	Line	What It Caches
get_reverse_relations()	2575-2361	Reverse ForeignKey and ManyToMany relations
get_select_relateds()	2621-2640	Forward ForeignKey relations for select_related

Benefit: Model relationships are static at runtime. Caching eliminates repeated model introspection overhead.

---

⚡ Parallel Field Processing

ninja_aio/models/utils.py

Refactored payload processing to use asyncio.gather() for parallel field resolution.

New method:
- _process_payload_fields() (lines 2546-2578) - Processes all fields in parallel

Applied in:
- parse_input_data() (lines 915-916) - Fetches all field objects and resolves all FK fields concurrently

Benefit: Significantly faster for payloads with multiple fields, especially when resolving foreign keys that require database lookups.

---

🧹 Code Quality Improvements

Reduced Cognitive Complexity in BaseSerializer

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Extracted helper methods from _generate_model_schema() to improve readability and maintainability.

New helper methods:

Method	Line	Purpose
_create_out_or_detail_schema()	1092-1114	Handles Out and Detail schema types
_create_related_schema()	1117-1132	Handles Related schema type
_create_in_or_patch_schema()	1135-1147	Handles In and Patch schema types

Simplified main method:
- _generate_model_schema() (lines 1150-1184) - Now dispatches to appropriate helper based on schema type

Benefit: Reduced cognitive complexity, improved testability, clearer error handling paths.

---

Reduced Cognitive Complexity in ModelUtil

ninja_aio/models/utils.py

Extracted helper methods from parse_input_data() to improve readability and testability.

New helper methods:

Method	Line	Purpose
_collect_custom_and_optional_fields()	2478-2514	Collects custom and optional fields from payload
_determine_skip_keys()	2516-2545	Determines which keys to skip during processing
_process_payload_fields()	2546-2578	Processes payload fields in parallel

Added type hints and docstrings:

Method	Line	Return Type
_get_field()	2640-2648	models.Field
_decode_binary()	2650-2658	None
_resolve_fk()	2660-2668	None
_bump_object_from_schema()	2670-2675	dict
_validate_read_params()	2677-2682	None

---

Type Hints & Documentation in ViewSets

ninja_aio/views/api.py

Added comprehensive return type hints to all view registration and authentication methods.

Updated methods:

Method	Line	Return Type
_add_views()	2724-2739	Router
add_views_to_route()	2846-2862	Router
views()	—	None
get_view_auth()	—	list \| None
post_view_auth()	—	list \| None
put_view_auth()	—	list \| None
patch_view_auth()	—	list \| None
delete_view_auth()	—	list \| None
_generate_path_schema()	—	Schema

---

📚 Documentation Improvements

📱 Mobile Responsiveness

docs/extra.css

Added comprehensive mobile responsive CSS for better documentation experience on mobile devices.

Improvements:
- 📱 Hero section optimized for small screens with reduced logo size (280px on mobile, 240px on very small screens)
- 🎯 Responsive badge layout with proper wrapping and flexbox (badges reduced to 20px height on mobile)
- 📱 Mobile-friendly CTA buttons with proper touch targets (44px minimum)
- 📊 Responsive grid cards (single column on mobile)
- 📝 Better code block overflow handling
- 📋 Responsive tables with horizontal scroll
- 🎨 Optimized release cards and timeline for mobile
- 📐 Smaller fonts and tighter spacing for mobile (768px and 480px breakpoints)
- 🔤 Announcement bar with proper padding to prevent text cutoff
- 🖼️ Header logo reduced from 2.0rem to 1.6rem on mobile devices

---

Updated Tutorial Documentation

Updated all tutorial and API documentation to use the @api.viewset() decorator pattern:

File	What Changed
docs/tutorial/crud.md	Simplified viewset registration examples
docs/tutorial/authentication.md	Updated authentication examples
docs/tutorial/filtering.md	Updated all viewset examples
docs/api/authentication.md	Updated authentication examples
docs/api/pagination.md	Updated pagination examples

Before:

class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    model = Article
    api = api

ArticleViewSet().add_views_to_route()

After (cleaner):

@api.viewset(model=Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    pass

---

Updated README and Documentation

README.md, docs/index.md

• ✅ Updated to use full logo image (logo-full.png)
• ✅ Added Performance badge and link to benchmarks
• ✅ Improved landing page structure
• ✅ Better mobile responsiveness

---

Updated Project Instructions

CLAUDE.md

New sections:
- 🧪 Running Performance Tests - Guide to running and understanding performance benchmarks (for contributors)
- ✅ Test-Driven Development Protocol - Testing requirements for all code changes
- 📦 Import Style Guideline - PEP 8 import placement requirements

Improvements:
- 🗑️ Removed "All Files Changed" table requirement from changelog format
- ✨ Streamlined changelog guidelines

---

🧪 Test Coverage

Added comprehensive tests for all new functionality:

tests/models/test_models_extra.py — 161 new lines:

Test Case	Tests	Verifies
ModelUtilSerializerReadOptimizationsTestCase	2	Queryset optimization for serializer reads
ModelUtilHelperMethodsTestCase	9	Refactored helper methods
- test_validate_input_fields_*	3	Field injection prevention
- test_collect_custom_and_optional_fields_*	4	Custom/optional field collection
- test_determine_skip_keys_*	2	Skip key determination logic

tests/test_serializers.py — 309 new lines, 14 test cases:

Test Case	Tests	Verifies
BaseSerializerDefaultMethodsTestCase	2	Default method implementations
ResolveSerializerReferenceEdgeCasesTestCase	3	Circular reference detection edge cases
GetSchemaOutDataEdgeCasesTestCase	1	Schema output data edge cases
GenerateModelSchemaEdgeCasesTestCase	2	Schema generation edge cases
GetRelatedSchemaDataEdgeCasesTestCase	1	Related schema data edge cases
QuerysetRequestNotImplementedTestCase	1	NotImplementedError for missing queryset_request
ModelSerializerGetFieldsEdgeCasesTestCase	1	Field retrieval edge cases
SerializerGetSchemaMetaEdgeCasesTestCase	2	Schema meta edge cases
SerializerCRUDMethodsTestCase	4	CRUD method edge cases
WarnMissingRelationSerializerTestCase	1	Warning for missing relation serializers
BuildSchemaReverseRelNoneTestCase	1	Reverse relation None handling
BuildSchemaForwardRelNoReadFieldsTestCase	1	Forward relation missing read fields

tests/views/test_views.py — 237 new lines:

Test Case	Tests	Verifies
APIViewViewsPassTestCase	1	View registration with decorator
APIViewSetDisableAllTestCase	1	Disabling all CRUD operations
RelationsFiltersFieldsTestCase	1	Relation filter field validation
BuildHandlerTestCase	2	Handler building edge cases
FilterValidationHelpersTestCase	17	All filter validation helper methods

tests/helpers/test_many_to_many_api.py — 31 new lines:

Test Case	Tests	Verifies
GetApiPathNoSlashTestCase	1	API path with append_slash=False

Total: 50+ new unit tests for security features and edge cases. 100% coverage maintained.

---

🏗️ Internal/Development Improvements

Performance Benchmark Suite (for contributors)

tests/performance/

Added comprehensive performance benchmarking infrastructure for monitoring framework performance during development.

Benchmark categories:
- Schema generation (4 tests)
- Serialization (4 tests)
- CRUD operations (5 tests)
- Filter performance (6 tests)

Note: This is for development/CI only. End users are not affected.

---

GitHub Actions Workflow

.github/workflows/performance.yml

Added automated performance benchmarking workflow:
- Runs on push to main and PRs
- Checks for >20% performance regressions
- Deploys interactive reports to GitHub Pages

---

Gitignore Updates

.gitignore

Added performance report files:
- performance_results.json
- performance_report.html

---

🎯 Summary

Django Ninja Aio CRUD v2.18.1 is a maintenance release focused on security fixes, performance improvements, and documentation enhancements. Three critical security vulnerabilities have been fixed to protect against circular reference attacks, field injection, and filter injection. Performance improvements through caching and parallel processing deliver 2-10x speedups for schema generation and serialization. Documentation has been enhanced with comprehensive mobile responsiveness. Internal improvements include a performance benchmark suite for ongoing development.

Key benefits:
- 🔒 Security Hardened — Fixed vulnerabilities: circular reference protection, field injection prevention, filter field validation
- ⚡ Faster Performance — 2-10x speedup for schema generation and serialization through caching and parallel processing
- 📱 Mobile-Friendly Docs — Comprehensive mobile responsiveness with optimized layouts and touch targets
- 🧹 Cleaner Code — Reduced cognitive complexity, comprehensive type hints, improved maintainability
- 🧪 Robust Testing — 50+ new unit tests, 100% coverage maintained
- 📊 Performance Monitoring — Internal benchmark suite for ongoing performance tracking (contributors only)

---

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.18.0

Feb 01, 2026

📋 Release Notes

🏷️ [v2.18.0] - 2026-02-01

---

✨ New Features

🛡️ Validators on Serializers

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Pydantic @field_validator and @model_validator can now be declared directly on serializer configuration classes. The framework automatically collects PydanticDescriptorProxy instances and creates a subclass of the generated schema with the validators attached.

Supported on both serializer patterns:

Pattern	Where to declare validators
ModelSerializer	Inner classes: CreateSerializer, ReadSerializer, UpdateSerializer, DetailSerializer
Serializer (Meta-driven)	Dedicated inner classes: CreateValidators, ReadValidators, UpdateValidators, DetailValidators

🔀 Different validation rules can be applied per operation (e.g., stricter rules on create, lenient on update).

ModelSerializer example:

from django.db import models
from pydantic import field_validator, model_validator
from ninja_aio.models import ModelSerializer

class Book(ModelSerializer):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)

    class CreateSerializer:
        fields = ["title", "description"]

        @field_validator("title")
        @classmethod
        def validate_title_min_length(cls, v):
            if len(v) < 3:
                raise ValueError("Title must be at least 3 characters")
            return v

    class UpdateSerializer:
        optionals = [("title", str), ("description", str)]

        @field_validator("title")
        @classmethod
        def validate_title_not_empty(cls, v):
            if v is not None and len(v.strip()) == 0:
                raise ValueError("Title cannot be blank")
            return v

Serializer (Meta-driven) example:

from pydantic import field_validator
from ninja_aio.models import serializers

class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        schema_in = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(fields=["title", "description"])
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(fields=["id", "title", "description"])

    class CreateValidators:
        @field_validator("title")
        @classmethod
        def validate_title_min_length(cls, v):
            if len(v) < 3:
                raise ValueError("Title must be at least 3 characters")
            return v

---

🧩 New Core Methods on BaseSerializer

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Method	Description
_collect_validators(source_class)	🔍 Scans a class for PydanticDescriptorProxy instances created by @field_validator / @model_validator decorators. Returns a dict mapping attribute names to validator proxies.
_apply_validators(schema, validators)	🔗 Creates a subclass of the generated schema with validators attached. Pydantic discovers validators during class creation.
_get_validators(schema_type)	🗺️ Abstract method for subclasses to map schema types (In, Patch, Out, Detail, Related) to their validator source classes.

---

🆕 New _parse_payload() Method on Serializer

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Serializer._parse_payload(payload) accepts both dict and Schema instances, automatically calling model_dump() on Schema inputs. This enables passing validated Pydantic schemas directly to create() and update().

---

📖 New Tutorial: "Define Your Serializer"

docs/tutorial/serializer.md

Comprehensive tutorial page for the Meta-driven Serializer approach as an alternative to Step 1 (ModelSerializer). Covers:

• 📐 Schema definition with SchemaModelConfig
• 🔗 Relationships via relations_serializers
• ⚙️ Custom and computed fields
• 🚀 Query optimizations with QuerySet
• 🔄 Lifecycle hooks
• 🔌 Connecting to APIViewSet

---

📚 New Validators Documentation Page

docs/api/models/validators.md

Full dedicated documentation page covering:

• 🏗️ ModelSerializer and Serializer approaches
• ✅ Supported validator types and modes
• 🔀 Different validators per operation
• ⚙️ Internal mechanics
• ⚠️ Error handling (422 responses)
• 💡 Complete examples

---

🔧 Improvements

⚡ Schema Generation Now Applies Validators

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

_generate_model_schema() now calls _get_validators() for the requested schema type and _apply_validators() on the resulting schema. Applied consistently across all schema types: Out, Detail, Related, In, and Patch.

---

📦 create() and update() Accept Schema Objects

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Serializer.create() and Serializer.update() payload parameter type changed from dict[str, Any] to dict[str, Any] | Schema, using the new _parse_payload() method to handle both inputs transparently.

---

🏷️ Updated Type Annotations

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

• ModelSerializer inner classes now accept tuple[str, Any] in addition to tuple[str, Any, Any] for both fields and customs attributes.
• SchemaModelConfig.customs type annotation updated to List[tuple[str, Any, Any] | tuple[str, Any]].

---

📝 Comprehensive Docstrings

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

Added detailed NumPy-style docstrings with Parameters, Returns, and Raises sections to virtually all methods in BaseSerializer, ModelSerializer, and Serializer (30+ methods).

---

🎨 Documentation Overhaul

💎 Complete Site Redesign

All documentation pages updated with Material for MkDocs icons, grid cards, section dividers, and modern formatting:

• 🏠 Landing page — Hero section, CTA buttons, grid cards for features, tabbed code comparison, Schema Validators section, key concepts in card layout
• 📖 Tutorial pages — Hero banners with step indicators, learning objectives, prerequisites boxes, summary checklists
• 📑 API reference pages — Material icons on headings, section dividers, "See Also" replaced with grid cards
• 🎨 Custom CSS — New styles for hero sections, card grids, tutorial components, and release notes UI
• ⚙️ MkDocs theme — Added template overrides, announcement bar, emoji extension, md_in_html, new navigation features

---

🖼️ README Redesign

README.md

• 🎯 Centered HTML layout: logo, title, subtitle, and badge row
• 📊 Features bullet list replaced with formatted table
• 🅰️🅱️ Quick Start restructured into "Option A" and "Option B" sections
• 🛡️ New "Schema Validators" section with examples and mapping table
• 🔄 "Lifecycle Hooks" bullet list replaced with table
• 🧹 Redundant sections removed, "Buy me a coffee" uses styled badge

---

🗂️ MkDocs Navigation Updates

mkdocs.yml

• ➕ Added tutorial/serializer.md — "Alternative: Define Your Serializer"
• ➕ Added api/models/validators.md — "Validators"
• ➕ Added api/renderers/orjson_renderer.md — "Renderers"

---

🔄 Release Notes Page Redesign

main.py

Replaced table-based release notes layout with an interactive dropdown version selector and card-based display with human-readable date formatting.

---

🧪 Tests

tests/test_serializers.py, tests/test_app/models.py, tests/test_app/serializers.py

ValidatorsOnSerializersTestCase — 14 tests

🏗️ ModelSerializer validators:

Test	Verifies
test_model_serializer_field_validator_rejects_invalid	❌ @field_validator on CreateSerializer rejects input below min length
test_model_serializer_field_validator_accepts_valid	✅ @field_validator on CreateSerializer accepts valid input
test_model_serializer_update_validator_rejects_blank	❌ @field_validator on UpdateSerializer rejects blank name
test_model_serializer_update_validator_accepts_valid	✅ @field_validator on UpdateSerializer accepts valid input
test_model_serializer_read_model_validator	✅ @model_validator on ReadSerializer is applied to output schema
test_model_serializer_no_validators_returns_plain_schema	✅ Serializers without validators still work normally

🗺️ Meta-driven Serializer validators:

Test	Verifies
test_meta_serializer_field_validator_rejects_invalid	❌ CreateValidators @field_validator rejects invalid input
test_meta_serializer_field_validator_accepts_valid	✅ CreateValidators @field_validator accepts valid input
test_meta_serializer_update_validator_rejects_blank	❌ UpdateValidators @field_validator rejects blank name
test_meta_serializer_read_model_validator	✅ ReadValidators @model_validator is applied to output schema

🔧 Utility method tests:

Test	Verifies
test_collect_validators_returns_empty_for_none	🔍 _collect_validators(None) returns {}
test_collect_validators_returns_empty_for_no_validators	🔍 _collect_validators returns {} for class without validators
test_apply_validators_returns_none_for_none_schema	🔍 _apply_validators(None, ...) returns None
test_apply_validators_returns_schema_for_empty_validators	🔍 _apply_validators(schema, {}) returns original schema

📦 New test fixtures:

File	Addition
tests/test_app/models.py	TestModelWithValidators — model with validators on CreateSerializer, UpdateSerializer, ReadSerializer
tests/test_app/serializers.py	TestModelWithValidatorsMetaSerializer — serializer with CreateValidators, UpdateValidators, ReadValidators

---

📁 New Files

File	Description
CLAUDE.md	📋 Project instructions: overview, structure, tests, code style, architecture notes
CHANGELOG.md	📝 Latest release notes

---

🎯 Summary

This release introduces Pydantic validators on serializers, allowing @field_validator and @model_validator to be declared directly on serializer configuration classes. The framework automatically collects and applies these validators to generated schemas. Additionally, the entire documentation site has been redesigned with Material for MkDocs components.

🌟 Key benefits:

• 🛡️ Schema-level validation — Enforce input constraints beyond Django model fields, running before data touches the database
• 🔀 Per-operation validation — Apply different validation rules per CRUD operation (create vs. update vs. read)
• 🏗️ Both serializer patterns — Works with ModelSerializer (inner classes) and Serializer ({Type}Validators classes)
• ♻️ Backwards compatible — Existing serializers without validators continue to work unchanged
• 🎨 Documentation redesign — Modern Material for MkDocs layout with grid cards, hero sections, and interactive release notes

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.17.0

Jan 28, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.17.0] - 2026-01-28

---

✨ New Features

• Inline Custom Fields in fields List [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• Custom fields can now be defined directly in the fields list as tuples, providing a more concise syntax.
• Supports both 2-tuple (name, type) for required fields and 3-tuple (name, type, default) for optional fields.
• Works with both ModelSerializer (inner classes) and Serializer (Meta-driven) approaches.
• Applies to all serializer types: CreateSerializer, ReadSerializer, DetailSerializer, UpdateSerializer, and SchemaModelConfig.

Usage example (ModelSerializer):
```python
from ninja_aio.models import ModelSerializer

class Article(ModelSerializer):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
content = models.TextField()

  class ReadSerializer:
      fields = [
          "id",
          "title",
          ("word_count", int, 0),        # 3-tuple: optional with default
          ("is_featured", bool),          # 2-tuple: required field
      ]

```

Usage example (Serializer):
```python
from ninja_aio.models import serializers

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
class Meta:
model = Article
schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
fields=["id", "title", ("reading_time", int, 0)]
)
```

• New get_inline_customs() Helper Method [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• Added BaseSerializer.get_inline_customs(s_type) method to extract and normalize inline custom tuples from the fields list.
• Returns a list of normalized 3-tuples (name, type, default), converting 2-tuples by adding ... (Ellipsis) as the default.

---

🔧 Improvements

• Refactored get_fields() Method [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• get_fields() now returns only string field names, excluding inline custom tuples.

• Clearer separation of concerns between model fields and custom fields.

• Improved get_related_schema_data() Method [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:

• Fixed handling of custom fields that don't exist as model attributes.

• Custom fields (both explicit and inline) are now always included in related schemas since they are computed/synthetic.

• Updated SchemaModelConfig Type Annotations [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:

• The fields attribute now accepts List[str | tuple[str, Any, Any] | tuple[str, Any]] to support inline customs.

• Updated docstring to document the new tuple formats.

• Cleaner Schema Generation [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:

• get_schema_out_data() and _generate_model_schema() now use the new get_inline_customs() helper, reducing code duplication.

---

🧪 Tests

• New Inline Customs Test Cases [tests/test_serializers.py]:

• Added InlineCustomsSerializerTestCase test class with 11 tests for Meta-driven Serializer:

  • test_serializer_read_schema_with_inline_customs_3_tuple: Verifies 3-tuple inline customs work in read schema.
  • test_serializer_read_schema_with_inline_customs_2_tuple: Verifies 2-tuple inline customs work in read schema.
  • test_serializer_create_schema_with_inline_customs: Verifies inline customs in create schema.
  • test_serializer_update_schema_with_inline_customs: Verifies inline customs in update schema.
  • test_serializer_inline_customs_combined_with_explicit_customs: Verifies inline and explicit customs coexist.
  • test_serializer_get_fields_excludes_inline_customs: Verifies get_fields() returns only strings.
  • test_serializer_get_inline_customs_returns_only_tuples: Verifies get_inline_customs() returns normalized tuples.
  • test_serializer_detail_schema_with_inline_customs: Verifies inline customs in detail schema.
  • test_serializer_related_schema_with_inline_customs: Verifies inline customs in related schema.
  • test_inline_customs_only_schema: Verifies schema with only inline customs (no regular fields).

• Added InlineCustomsModelSerializerTestCase test class with 4 tests for ModelSerializer:

  • test_model_serializer_read_schema_with_inline_customs: Verifies inline customs in ReadSerializer.
  • test_model_serializer_create_schema_with_inline_customs: Verifies inline customs in CreateSerializer.
  • test_model_serializer_get_inline_customs: Verifies get_inline_customs() for ModelSerializer.
  • test_model_serializer_get_fields_excludes_inline_customs: Verifies get_fields() excludes inline customs.

• New Test Model [tests/test_app/models.py]:

• Added TestModelSerializerInlineCustoms model with inline customs in both ReadSerializer and CreateSerializer.

---

📚 Documentation

• Updated Serializer Documentation [docs/api/models/serializers.md]:
• Added new "Inline Custom Fields" section with usage examples.
• Updated SchemaModelConfig fields description to mention inline custom tuples.

• Added explanation of 2-tuple and 3-tuple formats.

• Updated ModelSerializer Documentation [docs/api/models/model_serializer.md]:

• Updated all serializer attribute tables to show list[str | tuple] type for fields.
• Added "Inline Custom Fields" subsection in CreateSerializer with usage example.
• Updated ReadSerializer, DetailSerializer, and UpdateSerializer tables.

---

📋 Summary

This minor release introduces inline custom field support, allowing custom/computed fields to be defined directly in the fields list as tuples. This provides a more concise syntax for simple custom fields while maintaining full backwards compatibility with the separate customs list approach.

Key Benefits

• Concise syntax: Define simple custom fields inline without a separate customs list
• Flexibility: Mix regular fields and custom tuples in the same list
• Backwards compatible: Existing code using customs list continues to work unchanged

Files Changed

File	Changes
ninja_aio/models/serializers.py	Added get_inline_customs() method, updated get_fields(), get_schema_out_data(), _generate_model_schema(), get_related_schema_data(), and SchemaModelConfig
tests/test_serializers.py	Added 15 new tests across 2 test classes
tests/test_app/models.py	Added TestModelSerializerInlineCustoms test model
docs/api/models/serializers.md	Added inline custom fields documentation with examples
docs/api/models/model_serializer.md	Updated all serializer attribute tables and added inline customs section

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.16.2

Jan 27, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.16.2] - 2026-01-27

---

🐛 Bug Fixes

• Fixed Schema Generation with Only Custom Fields [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• Fixed an issue in _generate_model_schema() where defining only customs and/or optionals (without explicit fields or excludes) would incorrectly include all model fields in the generated schema.
• When only custom fields are defined, the schema now correctly excludes all concrete model fields, returning a schema with only the specified custom fields.
• This fix applies to both Serializer (Meta-driven) and ModelSerializer create/update schema generation.

Before (broken behavior):
```python
class MySerializer(Serializer):
class Meta:
model = MyModel
schema_in = SchemaModelConfig(
customs=[("custom_input", str, ...)]
)

# Generated schema incorrectly included ALL model fields + custom_input
```

After (fixed behavior):
```python
class MySerializer(Serializer):
class Meta:
model = MyModel
schema_in = SchemaModelConfig(
customs=[("custom_input", str, ...)]
)

# Generated schema now correctly includes ONLY custom_input
```

---

🔧 Improvements

• Union Type Support in SchemaModelConfig [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• Updated optionals and customs field type hints in SchemaModelConfig to accept Any instead of type.
• This allows using Union types and other complex type annotations in schema configurations.

Usage example:
```python
from typing import Union

schema_in = SchemaModelConfig(
optionals=[("status", str | None)],
customs=[
("data", Union[str, int], None),
("items", list[int], []),
],
)
```

---

🧪 Tests

• New Custom Fields Schema Tests [tests/test_serializers.py]:
• Added CustomsOnlySchemaTestCase test class with 7 new tests:
  • test_serializer_create_schema_with_only_customs: Verifies create schema with only customs excludes model fields.
  • test_serializer_update_schema_with_only_customs: Verifies update schema with only customs excludes model fields.
  • test_serializer_create_schema_with_customs_and_optionals: Verifies customs + optionals includes only those fields.
  • test_serializer_with_fields_still_works: Confirms explicit fields behavior is preserved.
  • test_serializer_with_only_excludes_and_customs: Documents behavior when excludes defined without fields.
  • test_serializer_empty_schema_returns_none: Verifies empty schema returns None.
  • test_serializer_multiple_customs_no_model_fields: Verifies multiple customs work without model fields.

---

📋 Summary

This patch release fixes a bug where schemas defined with only custom fields would incorrectly include all model fields, and adds support for Union types in SchemaModelConfig field definitions.

Files Changed

File	Changes
ninja_aio/models/serializers.py	Fixed _generate_model_schema() to exclude all model fields when only customs are defined; updated SchemaModelConfig type hints to allow Union types
tests/test_serializers.py	Added 7 new tests in CustomsOnlySchemaTestCase
ninja_aio/__init__.py	Bumped version to 2.16.2

---

[v2.16.0] - 2026-01-26

---

✨ New Features

• Custom Decorators for M2M Relation Endpoints [ninja_aio/schemas/helpers.py, ninja_aio/helpers/api.py]:
• Added get_decorators field to M2MRelationSchema for applying custom decorators to GET (list related objects) endpoints.
• Added post_decorators field to M2MRelationSchema for applying custom decorators to POST (add/remove) endpoints.
• Decorators are unpacked and applied via decorate_view() alongside existing decorators like unique_view and paginate.
• Enables use cases such as rate limiting, caching, custom authentication, logging, or any other decorator-based middleware on M2M endpoints.

Usage example:
```python
from ninja_aio.schemas import M2MRelationSchema

M2MRelationSchema(
model=RelatedModel,
related_name="related_items",
get_decorators=[cache_decorator, log_decorator],
post_decorators=[rate_limit_decorator],
)
```

---

🔧 Improvements

• Refactored Manage Relation View Registration [ninja_aio/helpers/api.py]:
• Updated _register_manage_relation_view() to use decorate_view() wrapper instead of direct @unique_view decorator.
• Ensures consistent decorator application pattern between GET and POST endpoints.

• Allows decorator spreading via *decorators for extensibility.

• Improved Type Hints [ninja_aio/schemas/helpers.py]:

• Added Callable import from typing module.
• Updated get_decorators and post_decorators type hints to Optional[List[Callable]] for better IDE support and type checking.

---

🧪 Tests

• New Decorator Integration Tests [tests/helpers/test_many_to_many_api.py]:
• Added M2MRelationSchemaDecoratorsTestCase test class with integration tests:
  • test_get_decorator_is_applied: Verifies GET decorators are invoked on list endpoint calls.
  • test_post_decorator_is_applied: Verifies POST decorators are invoked on add/remove endpoint calls.
  • test_decorators_independent: Confirms GET and POST decorators operate independently.

• Added TestM2MWithDecoratorsViewSet test viewset demonstrating decorator usage.

• New Decorator Schema Validation Tests [tests/helpers/test_many_to_many_api.py]:

• Added M2MRelationSchemaDecoratorsFieldTestCase test class with schema field tests:
  • test_decorators_default_to_empty_list: Validates default empty list behavior.
  • test_decorators_accept_list_of_callables: Validates callable list acceptance.
  • test_decorators_can_be_none: Validates explicit None assignment.

---

📚 Documentation

• Updated APIViewSet Documentation [docs/api/views/api_view_set.md]:
• Added get_decorators and post_decorators to M2MRelationSchema attributes list.
• Added comprehensive example showing custom decorator usage with M2M relations (cache and rate limiting patterns).

• Added note explaining decorator application order and interaction with built-in decorators.

• Updated Decorators Documentation [docs/api/views/decorators.md]:

• Added new "M2MRelationSchema decorators" section.

• Included usage example and cross-reference to APIViewSet M2M Relations documentation.

• Split Quick Start into Two Guides:

• [docs/getting_started/quick_start.md]: Dedicated to ModelSerializer approach with embedded serializer configuration.
• [docs/getting_started/quick_start_serializer.md]: New guide for Serializer approach with plain Django models, including examples for relationships, query optimization, and lifecycle hooks.

---

📋 Summary

This minor release introduces custom decorator support for Many-to-Many relation endpoints. Users can now apply custom decorators independently to GET and POST M2M endpoints via the new get_decorators and post_decorators fields in M2MRelationSchema. This enables flexible middleware patterns such as caching, rate limiting, and custom logging on relation endpoints.

Files Changed

File	Changes
ninja_aio/schemas/helpers.py	Added get_decorators and post_decorators fields with Callable type hints
ninja_aio/helpers/api.py	Updated view registration to accept and apply custom decorators
tests/helpers/test_many_to_many_api.py	Added 6 new tests across 2 test classes
docs/api/views/api_view_set.md	Documented M2M decorator fields with usage examples
docs/api/views/decorators.md	Added M2MRelationSchema decorators section
docs/getting_started/quick_start.md	Dedicated to ModelSerializer approach
docs/getting_started/quick_start_serializer.md	New guide for Serializer approach with plain Django models
mkdocs.yml	Updated navigation with two Quick Start guides

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.16.1

Jan 27, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.16.1] - 2026-01-27

---

🐛 Bug Fixes

• Fixed Schema Generation with Only Custom Fields [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• Fixed an issue in _generate_model_schema() where defining only customs and/or optionals (without explicit fields or excludes) would incorrectly include all model fields in the generated schema.
• When only custom fields are defined, the schema now correctly excludes all concrete model fields, returning a schema with only the specified custom fields.
• This fix applies to both Serializer (Meta-driven) and ModelSerializer create/update schema generation.

Before (broken behavior):
```python
class MySerializer(Serializer):
class Meta:
model = MyModel
schema_in = SchemaModelConfig(
customs=[("custom_input", str, ...)]
)

# Generated schema incorrectly included ALL model fields + custom_input
```

After (fixed behavior):
```python
class MySerializer(Serializer):
class Meta:
model = MyModel
schema_in = SchemaModelConfig(
customs=[("custom_input", str, ...)]
)

# Generated schema now correctly includes ONLY custom_input
```

---

🧪 Tests

• New Custom Fields Schema Tests [tests/test_serializers.py]:
• Added CustomsOnlySchemaTestCase test class with 7 new tests:
  • test_serializer_create_schema_with_only_customs: Verifies create schema with only customs excludes model fields.
  • test_serializer_update_schema_with_only_customs: Verifies update schema with only customs excludes model fields.
  • test_serializer_create_schema_with_customs_and_optionals: Verifies customs + optionals includes only those fields.
  • test_serializer_with_fields_still_works: Confirms explicit fields behavior is preserved.
  • test_serializer_with_only_excludes_and_customs: Documents behavior when excludes defined without fields.
  • test_serializer_empty_schema_returns_none: Verifies empty schema returns None.
  • test_serializer_multiple_customs_no_model_fields: Verifies multiple customs work without model fields.

---

📋 Summary

This patch release fixes a bug where schemas defined with only custom fields would incorrectly include all model fields. The fix ensures that when only customs are specified (without fields or excludes), the generated schema contains only the custom fields as intended.

Files Changed

File	Changes
ninja_aio/models/serializers.py	Fixed _generate_model_schema() to exclude all model fields when only customs are defined
tests/test_serializers.py	Added 7 new tests in CustomsOnlySchemaTestCase
ninja_aio/__init__.py	Bumped version to 2.16.1

---

[v2.16.0] - 2026-01-26

---

✨ New Features

• Custom Decorators for M2M Relation Endpoints [ninja_aio/schemas/helpers.py, ninja_aio/helpers/api.py]:
• Added get_decorators field to M2MRelationSchema for applying custom decorators to GET (list related objects) endpoints.
• Added post_decorators field to M2MRelationSchema for applying custom decorators to POST (add/remove) endpoints.
• Decorators are unpacked and applied via decorate_view() alongside existing decorators like unique_view and paginate.
• Enables use cases such as rate limiting, caching, custom authentication, logging, or any other decorator-based middleware on M2M endpoints.

Usage example:
```python
from ninja_aio.schemas import M2MRelationSchema

M2MRelationSchema(
model=RelatedModel,
related_name="related_items",
get_decorators=[cache_decorator, log_decorator],
post_decorators=[rate_limit_decorator],
)
```

---

🔧 Improvements

• Refactored Manage Relation View Registration [ninja_aio/helpers/api.py]:
• Updated _register_manage_relation_view() to use decorate_view() wrapper instead of direct @unique_view decorator.
• Ensures consistent decorator application pattern between GET and POST endpoints.

• Allows decorator spreading via *decorators for extensibility.

• Improved Type Hints [ninja_aio/schemas/helpers.py]:

• Added Callable import from typing module.
• Updated get_decorators and post_decorators type hints to Optional[List[Callable]] for better IDE support and type checking.

---

🧪 Tests

• New Decorator Integration Tests [tests/helpers/test_many_to_many_api.py]:
• Added M2MRelationSchemaDecoratorsTestCase test class with integration tests:
  • test_get_decorator_is_applied: Verifies GET decorators are invoked on list endpoint calls.
  • test_post_decorator_is_applied: Verifies POST decorators are invoked on add/remove endpoint calls.
  • test_decorators_independent: Confirms GET and POST decorators operate independently.

• Added TestM2MWithDecoratorsViewSet test viewset demonstrating decorator usage.

• New Decorator Schema Validation Tests [tests/helpers/test_many_to_many_api.py]:

• Added M2MRelationSchemaDecoratorsFieldTestCase test class with schema field tests:
  • test_decorators_default_to_empty_list: Validates default empty list behavior.
  • test_decorators_accept_list_of_callables: Validates callable list acceptance.
  • test_decorators_can_be_none: Validates explicit None assignment.

---

📚 Documentation

• Updated APIViewSet Documentation [docs/api/views/api_view_set.md]:
• Added get_decorators and post_decorators to M2MRelationSchema attributes list.
• Added comprehensive example showing custom decorator usage with M2M relations (cache and rate limiting patterns).

• Added note explaining decorator application order and interaction with built-in decorators.

• Updated Decorators Documentation [docs/api/views/decorators.md]:

• Added new "M2MRelationSchema decorators" section.

• Included usage example and cross-reference to APIViewSet M2M Relations documentation.

• Split Quick Start into Two Guides:

• [docs/getting_started/quick_start.md]: Dedicated to ModelSerializer approach with embedded serializer configuration.
• [docs/getting_started/quick_start_serializer.md]: New guide for Serializer approach with plain Django models, including examples for relationships, query optimization, and lifecycle hooks.

---

📋 Summary

This minor release introduces custom decorator support for Many-to-Many relation endpoints. Users can now apply custom decorators independently to GET and POST M2M endpoints via the new get_decorators and post_decorators fields in M2MRelationSchema. This enables flexible middleware patterns such as caching, rate limiting, and custom logging on relation endpoints.

Files Changed

File	Changes
ninja_aio/schemas/helpers.py	Added get_decorators and post_decorators fields with Callable type hints
ninja_aio/helpers/api.py	Updated view registration to accept and apply custom decorators
tests/helpers/test_many_to_many_api.py	Added 6 new tests across 2 test classes
docs/api/views/api_view_set.md	Documented M2M decorator fields with usage examples
docs/api/views/decorators.md	Added M2MRelationSchema decorators section
docs/getting_started/quick_start.md	Dedicated to ModelSerializer approach
docs/getting_started/quick_start_serializer.md	New guide for Serializer approach with plain Django models
mkdocs.yml	Updated navigation with two Quick Start guides

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.15.0

Jan 22, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.15.0] - 2026-01-22

---

New Features

• Dynamic PK Type Detection for relations_as_id [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• The PkFromModel type now automatically detects and uses the related model's primary key type.
• Supports int (default), UUID, str (CharField), and any other Django primary key type.
• Schema generation now correctly annotates relation fields with the appropriate PK type.

---

Improvements

• PkFromModel Subscriptable Type [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• New PkFromModel[type] syntax allows explicit PK type specification.
• Examples: PkFromModel[int], PkFromModel[UUID], PkFromModel[str].
• Falls back to int when used without subscription (backwards compatible).
• Uses BeforeValidator to extract pk attribute during Pydantic serialization.

---

Tests

• Comprehensive Test Coverage for Different PK Types [tests/test_serializers.py]:
• Added RelationsAsIdUUIDModelSerializerTestCase (6 tests) - Schema generation tests for UUID PKs
• Added RelationsAsIdUUIDIntegrationTestCase (7 tests) - Integration tests with UUID PK data
• Added RelationsAsIdStringPKModelSerializerTestCase (6 tests) - Schema generation tests for string PKs
• Added RelationsAsIdStringPKIntegrationTestCase (7 tests) - Integration tests with string PK data

• Coverage includes all relation types: Forward FK, Reverse FK, Forward O2O, Reverse O2O, Forward M2M, Reverse M2M

• New Test Models with Different PK Types [tests/test_app/models.py]:

• UUID PK models: AuthorUUID, BookUUID, ProfileUUID, UserUUID, TagUUID, ArticleUUID
• String PK models: AuthorStringPK, BookStringPK, ProfileStringPK, UserStringPK, TagStringPK, ArticleStringPK

---

Documentation

• ModelSerializer Documentation [docs/api/models/model_serializer.md]:
• Updated relations_as_id table to show PK_TYPE instead of hardcoded int.
• Added note explaining automatic PK type detection.

• Added UUID primary key example with code and JSON output.

• Serializer Documentation [docs/api/models/serializers.md]:

• Updated relations_as_id table to show PK_TYPE instead of hardcoded int.
• Added note explaining automatic PK type detection.
• Added UUID primary key example with code and JSON output.

---

Usage Example

UUID Primary Key with relations_as_id

import uuid
from django.db import models
from ninja_aio.models import ModelSerializer

class Author(ModelSerializer):
    id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)

    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "name", "books"]
        relations_as_id = ["books"]  # Reverse FK as list of UUIDs

class Book(ModelSerializer):
    id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="books")

    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title", "author"]
        relations_as_id = ["author"]  # Forward FK as UUID

Output (Author with UUID PK):

{
  "id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
  "name": "J.K. Rowling",
  "books": [
    "6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8",
    "6ba7b811-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8"
  ]
}

Output (Book with UUID PK):

{
  "id": "6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8",
  "title": "Harry Potter",
  "author": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"
}

String Primary Key with relations_as_id

from django.db import models
from ninja_aio.models import ModelSerializer

class Author(ModelSerializer):
    id = models.CharField(primary_key=True, max_length=50)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)

    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "name", "books"]
        relations_as_id = ["books"]

class Book(ModelSerializer):
    id = models.CharField(primary_key=True, max_length=50)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="books")

    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title", "author"]
        relations_as_id = ["author"]

Output (Author with String PK):

{
  "id": "author-001",
  "name": "J.K. Rowling",
  "books": ["book-001", "book-002", "book-003"]
}

Output (Book with String PK):

{
  "id": "book-001",
  "title": "Harry Potter",
  "author": "author-001"
}

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.14.0

Jan 22, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.14.0] - 2026-01-22

---

🐛 Fixed

• Forward Relations in relations_as_id Now Work Correctly [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• Fixed issue where forward FK and O2O relations listed in relations_as_id were serialized as null instead of the related object's ID.
• Root Cause: Previously used validation_alias which only affects input parsing, not output serialization.
• Solution: Now uses PkFromModel with BeforeValidator to extract the primary key during serialization, consistent with reverse relations.
• Affects: Forward ForeignKey, Forward OneToOneField.

---

🔧 Improvements

• Optimized relations_as_id Processing [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• _get_relations_as_id() is now called once in get_schema_out_data() and passed through to child methods, eliminating redundant method calls during schema generation.

• _build_schema_reverse_rel(), _build_schema_forward_rel(), and _process_field() now accept relations_as_id as a parameter instead of fetching it independently.

• Enhanced Method Documentation [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:

• Added comprehensive docstrings with parameter descriptions to:
  • _build_schema_reverse_rel() - Documents descriptor types and return values
  • _build_schema_forward_rel() - Documents forward relation handling logic
  • _process_field() - Documents field classification process
  • get_schema_out_data() - Documents schema component collection

---

🧪 Tests

• Comprehensive Test Coverage for relations_as_id [tests/test_serializers.py]:
• Added RelationsAsIdModelSerializerTestCase (6 tests) - Schema generation tests for ModelSerializer
• Added RelationsAsIdSerializerTestCase (6 tests) - Schema generation tests for Meta-driven Serializer
• Added RelationsAsIdIntegrationTestCase (7 tests) - Integration tests with actual data serialization
• Coverage includes all relation types: Forward FK, Reverse FK, Forward O2O, Reverse O2O, Forward M2M, Reverse M2M

• Tests null value handling for nullable forward relations

• New Test Models [tests/test_app/models.py]:

• AuthorAsId, BookAsId - FK relation testing
• ProfileAsId, UserAsId - O2O relation testing

• TagAsId, ArticleAsId - M2M relation testing

• New Test Serializers [tests/test_app/serializers.py]:

• BookAsIdMetaSerializer, AuthorAsIdMetaSerializer - FK with Meta-driven Serializer
• UserAsIdMetaSerializer, ProfileAsIdMetaSerializer - O2O with Meta-driven Serializer
• ArticleAsIdMetaSerializer, TagAsIdMetaSerializer - M2M with Meta-driven Serializer

---

📖 Documentation

• ModelSerializer Documentation [docs/api/models/model_serializer.md]:
• Added relations_as_id attribute to ReadSerializer attributes table.

• Added new "Relations as ID" section with:

  • Use cases (payload size, circular serialization, performance, API design)
  • Supported relations table with output types
  • FK, O2O, and M2M examples with JSON output
  • Query optimization note for select_related/prefetch_related

• Serializer Documentation [docs/api/models/serializers.md]:

• Added relations_as_id to Meta configuration options.
• Added new "Relations as ID" section with:
  • Complete examples for FK, O2O, and M2M relations
  • Guide for combining relations_as_id with relations_serializers
  • Query optimization recommendations

---

💡 Usage Example

ModelSerializer with relations_as_id

from ninja_aio.models import ModelSerializer
from django.db import models

class Author(ModelSerializer):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)

    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "name", "books"]
        relations_as_id = ["books"]  # Reverse FK as list of IDs

class Book(ModelSerializer):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="books")

    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title", "author"]
        relations_as_id = ["author"]  # Forward FK as ID

Output (Author):

{
  "id": 1,
  "name": "J.K. Rowling",
  "books": [1, 2, 3]
}

Output (Book):

{
  "id": 1,
  "title": "Harry Potter",
  "author": 1
}

Meta-driven Serializer with relations_as_id

from ninja_aio.models import serializers

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "title", "author", "tags"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "author": AuthorSerializer,  # Nested object
        }
        relations_as_id = ["tags"]  # M2M as list of IDs

    class QuerySet:
        read = ModelQuerySetSchema(
            select_related=["author"],
            prefetch_related=["tags"],
        )

Output:

{
  "id": 1,
  "title": "Getting Started with Django",
  "author": {"id": 1, "name": "John Doe"},
  "tags": [1, 2, 5]
}

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.13.0

Jan 21, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.13.0] - 2026-01-21

---

✨ Added

• verbose_name_plural Attribute for M2MRelationSchema [ninja_aio/schemas/helpers.py]:
• New optional verbose_name_plural field allows customizing the human-readable plural name for M2M relation endpoints.
• When provided, used in endpoint summaries and descriptions (e.g., "Get Article Tags", "Add or Remove Article Tags").
• Falls back to model._meta.verbose_name_plural.capitalize() when not specified.

---

🔧 Improvements

• Refactored M2M Endpoint Summary Generation [ninja_aio/helpers/api.py]:
• _register_get_relation_view() now accepts verbose_name_plural parameter instead of computing it internally.
• _register_manage_relation_view() simplified by removing rel_util parameter; now receives verbose_name_plural directly.
• _build_views() centralizes verbose name resolution with fallback logic.

• Cleaner separation of concerns: verbose name is resolved once and passed to both GET and POST registration methods.

• Simplified Warning Logic for Missing Relation Serializers [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:

• _warn_missing_relation_serializer() now uses simpler boolean logic.
• Warnings emit when model is not a ModelSerializer and NINJA_AIO_RAISE_SERIALIZATION_WARNINGS is True (default).
• Removed dependency on NINJA_AIO_TESTING setting for warning control.

---

📖 Documentation

• Updated M2MRelationSchema Documentation [docs/api/views/api_view_set.md]:
• Added verbose_name_plural to the list of M2MRelationSchema attributes.
• Added usage example demonstrating custom verbose names for M2M endpoints.

---

💡 Usage Example

Custom Verbose Names for M2M Endpoints

from ninja_aio.views import APIViewSet
from ninja_aio.schemas.helpers import M2MRelationSchema

@api.viewset(model=Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    m2m_relations = [
        M2MRelationSchema(
            model=Tag,
            related_name="tags",
            verbose_name_plural="Article Tags",  # Custom name
            add=True,
            remove=True,
            get=True,
        ),
        M2MRelationSchema(
            model=Category,
            related_name="categories",
            # Uses default: "Categories" (from model._meta.verbose_name_plural)
            get=True,
        ),
    ]

Generated Endpoint Summaries:
- GET /articles/{pk}/tags → Summary: "Get Article Tags"
- POST /articles/{pk}/tags/ → Summary: "Add or Remove Article Tags"
- GET /articles/{pk}/categories → Summary: "Get Categories"

---

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.12.3

Jan 21, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.12.3] - 2026-01-21

---

🐛 Fixed

• Warning Logic for Missing Relation Serializers [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• Fixed boolean logic in _warn_missing_relation_serializer method.

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.12.2

Jan 21, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.12.2] - 2026-01-21

---

🐛 Fixed

• Warning Logic for Missing Relation Serializers [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• Fixed boolean logic in _warn_missing_relation_serializer method.
• Warnings now correctly emit when: (not ModelSerializer AND not testing) OR force warnings enabled.
• Previously, warnings were incorrectly suppressed for non-ModelSerializer relations even when NINJA_AIO_RAISE_SERIALIZATION_WARNINGS=True.

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.12.1

Jan 21, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.12.1] - 2026-01-21

---

🐛 Fixed

• QueryUtil DETAIL Scope Fallback [ninja_aio/helpers/query.py]:
• detail_config now correctly falls back to read_config for select_related and prefetch_related when not explicitly configured.
• Ensures consistent queryset optimization behavior between READ and DETAIL scopes.

---

🔧 Improvements

• Refactored Fallback Logic [ninja_aio/helpers/query.py]:
• Moved DETAIL→READ fallback from apply_queryset_optimizations() to __init__().
• Fallback is now resolved once at construction time, improving clarity and preventing runtime mutation.
• Uses .copy() to ensure detail_config lists are independent from read_config.

---

🧪 Tests

• New Test Cases for QueryUtil DETAIL Fallback [tests/test_query_util.py]:
• test_detail_scope_fallback_to_read_select_related: Verifies DETAIL scope uses READ's select_related when not configured.
• test_detail_scope_fallback_to_read_prefetch_related: Verifies DETAIL scope uses READ's prefetch_related when not configured.
• test_detail_config_initialized_with_read_fallback: Confirms fallback is applied during initialization.
• test_detail_config_independent_copy: Ensures detail_config lists are copies, not references (prevents mutation bugs).

---

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.12.0

Jan 21, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.12.0] - 2026-01-21

---

✨ Added

• Per-Field-Type Detail Fallback for ModelSerializer [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• DetailSerializer now falls back to ReadSerializer for each field type (fields, customs, optionals, excludes) independently when not explicitly configured.

• Allows partial overrides: define only DetailSerializer.fields while inheriting customs, optionals, and excludes from ReadSerializer.

• Schema-Level Detail Fallback for Serializer [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:

• When schema_detail is not defined, Serializer now correctly falls back to schema_out for all field configurations.

• Enables seamless list/detail endpoint differentiation without duplicating configuration.

• New Setting: NINJA_AIO_RAISE_SERIALIZATION_WARNINGS [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:

• New Django setting to control serialization warning behavior during testing.
• When True (with NINJA_AIO_TESTING=True), warnings for missing relation serializers are raised instead of suppressed.

---

🔧 Improvements

• Refactored Fallback Logic [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• Moved detail→read fallback from BaseSerializer.get_fields() to _get_fields() in both ModelSerializer and Serializer.
• ModelSerializer._get_fields(): Falls back per-field-type (if DetailSerializer.customs is empty, uses ReadSerializer.customs).

• Serializer._get_fields(): Falls back at schema level (if schema_detail is None, uses schema_out).

• Warning Control Enhancement [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:

• Updated _warn_missing_relation_serializer() to respect both NINJA_AIO_TESTING and new NINJA_AIO_RAISE_SERIALIZATION_WARNINGS settings.

---

🐛 Fixed

• Serializer Detail Fallback Typo [ninja_aio/models/serializers.py]:
• Fixed Serializer._get_fields() where detail fallback was incorrectly referencing "read" instead of "out" schema key.

---

🧪 Tests

• New Test Cases for Serializer Detail Fallback [tests/test_serializers.py]:
• test_detail_fallback_customs_from_read: Verifies customs inheritance when schema_detail is not defined.
• test_detail_fallback_optionals_from_read: Verifies optionals inheritance.
• test_detail_fallback_excludes_from_read: Verifies excludes inheritance.

• test_detail_does_not_inherit_when_defined: Confirms no inheritance when schema_detail is explicitly defined.

• New Test Cases for ModelSerializer Detail Fallback [tests/test_serializers.py]:

• test_model_serializer_detail_fallback_fields: Verifies fields fallback to ReadSerializer.
• test_model_serializer_detail_fallback_customs: Verifies customs fallback per-field-type.
• test_model_serializer_detail_fallback_optionals: Verifies optionals fallback per-field-type.
• test_model_serializer_detail_fallback_excludes: Verifies excludes fallback per-field-type.
• test_model_serializer_detail_inherits_per_field_type: Confirms per-field-type inheritance behavior.

• test_model_serializer_with_detail_generates_different_schemas: End-to-end schema generation test.

• New Test Models [tests/test_app/models.py]:

• TestModelSerializerWithReadCustoms: Model with customs on ReadSerializer only.
• TestModelSerializerWithReadOptionals: Model with optionals on ReadSerializer only.
• TestModelSerializerWithReadExcludes: Model with excludes on ReadSerializer only.
• TestModelSerializerWithBothSerializers: Model with both ReadSerializer and DetailSerializer configured.

---

💡 Usage Example

ModelSerializer (Per-Field-Type Fallback)

from ninja_aio.models import ModelSerializer
from django.db import models

class Article(ModelSerializer):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    author_notes = models.TextField(blank=True)

    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title"]
        customs = [("word_count", int, lambda obj: len(obj.content.split()))]

    class DetailSerializer:
        # Only override fields - customs inherited from ReadSerializer
        fields = ["id", "title", "content", "author_notes"]

Behavior:
- generate_read_s() → {"id", "title", "word_count"}
- generate_detail_s() → {"id", "title", "content", "author_notes", "word_count"} (customs inherited)

Serializer (Schema-Level Fallback)

from ninja_aio.models import serializers

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "title"],
            customs=[("word_count", int, 0)],
        )
        # No schema_detail - falls back to schema_out entirely

Behavior:
- generate_read_s() → {"id", "title", "word_count"}
- generate_detail_s() → {"id", "title", "word_count"} (same as read)

---

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.11.2

Jan 19, 2026

v2.11.2

Fixed

• Fixed binary field serialization in _bump_object_from_schema - removed mode="json" from model_dump() to prevent UTF-8 decode errors when retrieving binary data. Binary fields are now properly handled by ORJSONRenderer which converts them to base64.

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.11.1

Jan 19, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.11.1] - 2026-01-19

---

🐛 Bug Fixes

• ORJSONRenderer HttpResponse Passthrough [ninja_aio/renders.py]:
• Fixed ORJSONRenderer.render() to detect and return HttpResponseBase instances directly without JSON serialization.
• Previously, returning an HttpResponse with a custom content type (e.g., PEM files, binary downloads) would fail because the renderer attempted to serialize it as JSON.
• Now supports returning HttpResponse, StreamingHttpResponse, and any other HttpResponseBase subclass.

---

📖 Documentation

• ORJSON Renderer Documentation [docs/api/renderers/orjson_renderer.md]:
• Reorganized documentation with proper section headings.
• Added new HttpResponse Passthrough section explaining the feature.
• Includes usage examples for HttpResponse and StreamingHttpResponse.
• Documents the correct pattern for returning custom responses with non-JSON content types.

---

🧪 Tests

• New Test Cases [tests/core/test_renderer_parser.py]:
• test_renderer_http_response_passthrough: Verifies HttpResponse objects pass through unchanged with correct content and headers.
• test_renderer_streaming_http_response_passthrough: Verifies StreamingHttpResponse objects are also handled correctly.

---

💡 Usage Example

from django.http import HttpResponse, StreamingHttpResponse

# Return a PEM file
@api.get("/public-key")
def get_public_key(request):
    return HttpResponse(
        settings.JWT_PUBLIC_KEY.as_pem(),
        content_type="application/x-pem-file",
        status=200,
    )

# Return a streaming response for large files
@api.get("/download")
def download_file(request):
    return StreamingHttpResponse(
        file_iterator(),
        content_type="application/octet-stream",
    )

Note: Set the status parameter on the HttpResponse itself. Do not use tuple returns like return 200, HttpResponse(...).

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.11.0

Jan 19, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.11.0] - 2026-01-19

---

✨ Added

• MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixin [ninja_aio/views/mixins.py]:
• New mixin for conditional filtering based on boolean query parameters.
• Maps boolean API parameters (?is_active=true) to different Django ORM filter conditions for True and False cases.
• Supports both filter() (include) and exclude() operations via the include attribute.

• Automatically registers query params from filters_match_cases configuration.

• New Filter Schemas [ninja_aio/schemas/filters.py]:

• MatchCaseFilterSchema: Configures match-case filters with query_param and cases attributes.
• MatchConditionFilterSchema: Defines individual filter conditions with query_filter (dict) and include (bool).
• BooleanMatchFilterSchema: Groups true and false case conditions.
• FilterSchema: New base class for filter schemas with filter_type and query_param attributes.

---

🔧 Improvements

• Unified Special Filter Detection [ninja_aio/views/api.py]:
• Added APIViewSet._check_match_cases_filters(filter: str) helper method.

• Added APIViewSet._is_special_filter(filter: str) method combining relation and match-case filter detection.

• Filter Mixin Skip Logic [ninja_aio/views/mixins.py]:

• Updated all filter mixins to use _is_special_filter() instead of _check_relations_filters():
  • IcontainsFilterViewSetMixin
  • BooleanFilterViewSetMixin
  • NumericFilterViewSetMixin
  • DateFilterViewSetMixin

• Ensures match-case filter params are not double-processed by type-based mixins.

• RelationFilterSchema Refactoring [ninja_aio/schemas/filters.py]:

• RelationFilterSchema now extends FilterSchema base class.
• Moved from ninja_aio/schemas/api.py to dedicated ninja_aio/schemas/filters.py module.

---

📖 Documentation

• Mixins Documentation [docs/api/views/mixins.md]:
• Added comprehensive documentation for MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixin.
• Includes usage examples for simple status filtering and complex multi-condition filtering.
• Documents all schema requirements and configuration options.

---

🧪 Tests

• New Test Cases [tests/views/test_viewset.py]:
• MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixinTestCase: Tests include behavior with True/False/None values.
• MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixinExcludeTestCase: Tests exclude behavior when include=False.

• Tests cover query params registration and filters_match_cases_fields property.

• Test ViewSets [tests/test_app/views.py]:

• TestModelSerializerMatchCaseFilterAPI: Tests is_approved filter with include/exclude logic.

• TestModelSerializerMatchCaseExcludeFilterAPI: Tests hide_pending filter with inverse logic.

• Test Model Update [tests/test_app/models.py]:

• Added status field to TestModelSerializer for match-case filter testing.

---

💡 Usage Example

from ninja_aio.views.mixins import MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixin
from ninja_aio.views.api import APIViewSet
from ninja_aio.schemas import (
    MatchCaseFilterSchema,
    MatchConditionFilterSchema,
    BooleanMatchFilterSchema,
)

class OrderViewSet(MatchCaseFilterViewSetMixin, APIViewSet):
    model = models.Order
    api = api
    filters_match_cases = [
        MatchCaseFilterSchema(
            query_param="is_completed",
            cases=BooleanMatchFilterSchema(
                true=MatchConditionFilterSchema(
                    query_filter={"status": "completed"},
                ),
                false=MatchConditionFilterSchema(
                    query_filter={"status": "completed"},
                    include=False,  # excludes completed orders
                ),
            ),
        ),
    ]

API Behavior:
- GET /orders?is_completed=true → queryset.filter(status="completed")
- GET /orders?is_completed=false → queryset.exclude(status="completed")

---

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.10.1

Jan 16, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.10.1] - 2026-01-16

---

🐛 Fixed

• Filter Mixin Conflict Resolution [file:2]:
• Added APIViewSet._check_relations_filters(filter: str) helper method to detect if a filter key belongs to relations_filters.

• Added RelationFilterViewSetMixin.relations_filters_fields property that extracts all query_param names from configured relations_filters.

• Filter Handler Skip Logic [file:2]:

• IcontainsFilterViewSetMixin: Now skips relation filter keys (if isinstance(value, str) and not self._check_relations_filters(key)).
• BooleanFilterViewSetMixin: Now skips relation filter keys when applying boolean filters.
• NumericFilterViewSetMixin: Now skips relation filter keys when applying numeric filters.
• DateFilterViewSetMixin: Now skips relation filter keys when applying date comparisons (__lte, etc.).

Impact: Prevents double-processing of relation filters when combining RelationFilterViewSetMixin with other filter mixins. Relation filters are handled exclusively by RelationFilterViewSetMixin.query_params_handler, avoiding conflicts like:
- String relation params (?author_id=5) being misinterpreted as icontains filters.
- Numeric relation params being applied twice.
- Boolean/date relation params triggering incorrect transformations.

---

🔧 Internal Changes

• Mixin Inheritance Chain:
• Filter mixins (IcontainsFilterViewSetMixin, etc.) now respect RelationFilterViewSetMixin configuration via shared _check_relations_filters() method.

• Ensures proper layering: base filters → relation filters (exclusive handling).

• Query Params Handler Flow:

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.10.0

Jan 16, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.10.0] - 2026-01-16

---

✨ Added

• Relation-Based Filtering Mixin:
• New RelationFilterViewSetMixin for filtering by related model fields via query parameters.
• New RelationFilterSchema for declarative mapping of query_param → Django ORM query_filter with typed filter_type tuples.

• Automatic registration of relations_filters entries into query_params on subclasses.

• Schema & Import Enhancements:

• Exported RelationFilterSchema from ninja_aio.schemas and added to __all__.
• Added RelationFilterSchema import to ninja_aio.views.mixins and example usages in docs and test views.

---

🛠 Changed

• ModelUtil Relation Detection Fix:
• Corrected relation ordering in ModelUtil.get_select_relateds():
  • Now detects ForwardOneToOneDescriptor before ForwardManyToOneDescriptor for building select_related lists.

• Ensures one-to-one relations are properly included in query optimizations.

• Documentation Updates:

• Extended docs/api/views/mixins.md with a new section for RelationFilterViewSetMixin.
• Added examples showing how to configure relations_filters and resulting query behavior.

---

🐛 Fixed

• ModelUtil Primary Key Type Error Handling:
• ModelUtil.pk_field_type now raises a clear ConfigError when encountering unknown primary key field types.

• Error message explicitly reports unsupported field type and suggests missing mapping in ninja.orm.fields.TYPES.

• ModelUtil Configuration Edge Cases:

• ModelUtil now raises ConfigError when instantiated with a ModelSerializer model and an explicit serializer_class at the same time, avoiding ambiguous configuration.

• ORJSON Renderer Primitive Handling:

• ORJSON renderer now correctly handles non-dict payloads (strings, lists, primitives) without assuming .items() presence.

• Added coverage for list and primitive responses to ensure consistent rendering behavior.

• Async JWT Auth Robustness:

• AsyncJwtBearer.authenticate now safely handles invalid or malformed tokens where jwt.decode raises ValueError, returning False instead of propagating the exception.
• Base auth_handler path verified to return None when not overridden, and mandatory claims validation now preserves pre-set iss and aud values.

---

🧪 Tests

• New Test Suites for Edge Cases:
• ModelUtilConfigErrorTestCase to validate ConfigError raising when mixing ModelSerializer model and serializer_class.
• ModelUtilPkFieldTypeTestCase to ensure unknown PK types trigger ConfigError with informative message.
• `ModelUtilObjectsQueryDefaultTest

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.9.0

Jan 14, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.9.0] - 2026-01-14

---

✨ Added

• Detail-Specific Query Optimizations:
• New QuerySet.detail configuration for detail-specific select_related and prefetch_related
• New serializable_detail_fields property on ModelUtil for accessing detail-specific fields
• New _get_serializable_field_names() helper method for DRY field retrieval

• New DETAIL scope added to QueryUtilBaseScopesSchema

• Fallback Mechanism for Detail Schema:

• generate_detail_s() now falls back to read schema when no DetailSerializer is defined
• get_fields("detail") falls back to read fields when no detail fields are declared
• _get_read_optimizations("detail") falls back to QuerySet.read when QuerySet.detail is not defined

---

🛠 Changed

• API Parameter Change: is_for_read → is_for:
• Renamed is_for_read: bool parameter to is_for: Literal["read", "detail"] | None across all ModelUtil methods:
  • get_objects()
  • get_object()
  • read_s()
  • list_read_s()
  • _get_base_queryset()
  • _apply_query_optimizations()
  • _serialize_queryset()
  • _serialize_single_object()
  • _handle_query_mode()
  • _read_s()

• This enables explicit control over which optimization strategy to use

• Query Optimization Methods Now Accept is_for Parameter:

• get_select_relateds(is_for: Literal["read", "detail"] = "read")
• get_reverse_relations(is_for: Literal["read", "detail"] = "read")

• _get_read_optimizations(is_for: Literal["read", "detail"] = "read")

• APIViewSet Retrieve Endpoint:

• Now uses is_for="detail" when schema_detail is available

• Falls back to is_for="read" when no detail schema is configured

• Code Formatting Improvements:

• Reformatted multi-line tuples in _is_reverse_relation()
• Reformatted conditional in _warn_missing_relation_serializer()
• Reformatted error message in get_schema_out_data()

---

🐛 Fixed

• Query Optimization Fallback Bug:
• Fixed _get_read_optimizations() to fall back to read config when detail config is not defined
• Previously returned empty ModelQuerySetSchema() when QuerySet.detail was missing, losing all optimizations

---

📝 Documentation

• ModelUtil Documentation (docs/api/models/model_util.md):
• Updated all method signatures from is_for_read: bool to is_for: Literal["read", "detail"] | None
• Added QuerySet.detail configuration example
• Added serializable_detail_fields property documentation
• Updated examples to show is_for="read" and is_for="detail" usage

• Added fallback behavior notes for detail optimizations

• ModelSerializer Documentation (docs/api/models/model_serializer.md):

• Added Fallback Behavior note in DetailSerializer section
• Updated generate_detail_s() comment to indicate fallback to read schema

• Updated fields table to mention fallback behavior

• Serializer Documentation (docs/api/models/serializers.md):

• Added QuerySet.detail configuration example
• Added explanation of how each QuerySet config is applied (read, detail, queryset_request, extras)

---

🧪 Tests

• Updated Test Cases:
• Updated all is_for_read=True to is_for="read" across test files
• Updated all is_for_read=False to is_for=None across test files
• Renamed test_generate_detail_schema_returns_none_when_not_configured to test_generate_detail_schema_falls_back_to_read_when_not_configured

• Updated test_fallback_to_schema_out_when_no_detail to test_detail_schema_falls_back_to_read_schema

• New Test Cases:

• DetailFieldsModelSerializer - Test model with different read vs detail fields including a relation
• ModelUtilIsForDetailTestCase - Tests for is_for='detail' parameter:
  • test_serializable_fields_returns_read_fields()
  • test_serializable_detail_fields_returns_detail_fields()
  • test_get_select_relateds_read_no_relations()
  • test_get_select_relateds_detail_includes_relation()
  • test_apply_query_optimizations_read_vs_detail()
  • test_get_serializable_field_names_read()
  • test_get_serializable_field_names_detail()
• ReadOnlyQuerySetModelSerializer - Test model with QuerySet.read but no QuerySet.detail
• ModelUtilOptimizationFallbackTestCase - Tests for optimization fallback behavior:
  • test_get_read_optimizations_read()
  • test_get_read_optimizations_detail_falls_back_to_read()
  • test_apply_query_optimizations_detail_uses_read_fallback()

---

🔧 Internal Changes

• BaseSerializer Changes:
• Added detail = ModelQuerySetSchema() to inner QuerySet class

• Added fallback logic in get_fields() for detail type

• QueryUtilBaseScopesSchema Changes:

• Added DETAIL: str = "detail" scope constant

• QueryUtil Changes:

• Added detail_config property for accessing detail query configuration

---

🚀 Use Cases & Examples

Detail-Specific Query Optimizations

from ninja_aio.models import ModelSerializer
from ninja_aio.schemas.helpers import ModelQuerySetSchema

class Article(ModelSerializer):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    summary = models.TextField()
    content = models.TextField()
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag)
    comments = models.ManyToManyField(Comment)

    class ReadSerializer:
        # List view: minimal fields
        fields = ["id", "title", "summary", "author"]

    class DetailSerializer:
        # Detail view: all fields including expensive relations
        fields = ["id", "title", "summary", "content", "author", "tags", "comments"]

    class QuerySet:
        # Optimizations for list endpoint
        read = ModelQuerySetSchema(
            select_related=["author"],
            prefetch_related=[],
        )
        # Optimizations for retrieve endpoint (more aggressive prefetching)
        detail = ModelQuerySetSchema(
            select_related=["author", "author__profile"],
            prefetch_related=["tags", "comments", "comments__author"],
        )

Behavior:
- GET /articles/ uses QuerySet.read optimizations (light prefetching)
- GET /articles/{pk} uses QuerySet.detail optimizations (full prefetching)

Fallback Behavior

class Article(ModelSerializer):
    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title", "content"]

    class QuerySet:
        read = ModelQuerySetSchema(
            select_related=["author"],
            prefetch_related=["tags"],
        )
        # No detail config - will fall back to read!

# Both list and retrieve use QuerySet.read optimizations
# generate_detail_s() returns same schema as generate_read_s()

Using is_for Parameter Directly

from ninja_aio.models import ModelUtil

util = ModelUtil(Article)

# For list operations
qs = await util.get_objects(request, is_for="read")

# For single object retrieval
obj = await util.get_object(request, pk=1, is_for="detail")

# For serialization
data = await util.read_s(schema, request, instance=obj, is_for="detail")
items = await util.list_read_s(schema, request, instances=qs, is_for="read")

---

🔍 Migration Guide

Breaking Change: is_for_read → is_for

If you call ModelUtil methods directly with is_for_read, update to use is_for:

# Before (v2.8.0)
await util.get_objects(request, is_for_read=True)
await util.get_object(request, pk=1, is_for_read=True)
await util.read_s(schema, request, instance=obj, is_for_read=True)

# After (v2.9.0)
await util.get_objects(request, is_for="read")
await util.get_object(request, pk=1, is_for="detail")
await util.read_s(schema, request, instance=obj, is_for="detail")

Mapping:
| Old Parameter | New Parameter |
|---------------|---------------|
| is_for_read=True | is_for="read" (for list) or is_for="detail" (for retrieve) |
| is_for_read=False | is_for=None |

Adding Detail-Specific Optimizations

# Before (v2.8.0) - Same optimizations for list and retrieve
class QuerySet:
    read = ModelQuerySetSchema(
        select_related=["author"],
        prefetch_related=["tags", "comments"],  # Always loaded!
    )

# After (v2.9.0) - Different optimizations per operation
class QuerySet:
    read = ModelQuerySetSchema(
        select_related=["author"],
        prefetch_related=[],  # Light for list
    )
    detail = ModelQuerySetSchema(
        select_related=["author", "author__profile"],
        prefetch_related=["tags", "comments"],  # Full for retrieve
    )

---

📊 Performance Benefits

Scenario	Without Detail Config	With Detail Config
List 100 articles	Prefetches tags + comments for all	Only prefetches what's needed for list
Retrieve single	Uses list optimizations	Uses detail-specific optimizations
N+1 queries	May occur if list over-fetches	Optimized per endpoint
Memory usage	Higher (unnecessary prefetch)	Optimized per operation

---

⚠️ Important Notes

• Breaking Change: is_for_read: bool parameter renamed to is_for: Literal["read", "detail"] | None
• Fallback Behavior: All fallbacks are automatic - no configuration needed for backward compatibility
• QuerySet.detail: Optional - falls back to QuerySet.read if not defined
• DetailSerializer fields: Optional - falls back to ReadSerializer fields if not defined
• generate_detail_s(): Now always returns a schema (falls back to read schema)

---

🔗 Links

• Documentation
• GitHub Repository
• Issue Tracker
• v2.8.0 Release Notes

---

Version History

For older versions, please refer to the GitHub releases page.

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.8.0

Jan 14, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.8.0] - 2026-01-14

---

✨ Added

• Detail Schema Support for Retrieve Endpoints:
• New DetailSerializer configuration class for ModelSerializer
• New schema_detail configuration option for Serializer Meta class
• New schema_detail attribute on APIViewSet for custom detail schemas
• New generate_detail_s() method for generating detail schemas
• Retrieve endpoint (GET /{base}/{pk}) now uses schema_detail when available, falling back to schema_out

• Enables performance optimization: minimal fields for list views, full details for single object retrieval

• serializer_class Support for M2MRelationSchema:

• M2MRelationSchema now accepts serializer_class parameter for plain Django models
• Auto-generates related_schema from the serializer when provided
• Alternative to manually providing related_schema for plain models
• Validation ensures serializer_class cannot be used when model is already a ModelSerializer

---

🛠 Changed

• APIViewSet Schema Generation:
• get_schemas() now returns a 4-tuple: (schema_out, schema_detail, schema_in, schema_update)
• New _get_retrieve_schema() helper method for retrieve endpoint schema selection

• retrieve_view() updated to use detail schema when available

• Refactored get_schema_out_data() Function:

• Extracted helper methods for better code organization:
  • _is_reverse_relation() - Check if field is a reverse relation
  • _is_forward_relation() - Check if field is a forward relation
  • _warn_missing_relation_serializer() - Emit warning for missing serializer mappings
  • _process_field() - Process single field and determine classification
• Renamed parameter type to schema_type to avoid shadowing built-in
• Renamed internal variable rels to forward_rels for clarity

• Now accepts schema_type: Literal["Out", "Detail"] parameter

• Performance Optimization in _generate_union_schema():

• Fixed double method call issue using walrus operator

• generate_related_s() now called once per serializer instead of twice

• Updated Type Definitions:

• S_TYPES now includes "detail": Literal["read", "detail", "create", "update"]
• SCHEMA_TYPES now includes "Detail": Literal["In", "Out", "Detail", "Patch", "Related"]

---

📝 Documentation

• ModelSerializer Documentation (docs/api/models/model_serializer.md):
• New DetailSerializer section with complete documentation
• Updated schema generation table to include generate_detail_s()
• Added example showing List vs Detail output differences

• Updated "Auto-Generated Schemas" to show five schema types

• Serializer Documentation (docs/api/models/serializers.md):

• Added schema_detail to Meta configuration options
• New "Detail Schema for Retrieve Endpoint" section

• Updated schema generation examples to include generate_detail_s()

• APIViewSet Documentation (docs/api/views/api_view_set.md):

• Updated CRUD endpoints table to show retrieve uses schema_detail
• Added schema_detail to Core Attributes table
• New "Detail Schema for Retrieve Endpoint" section with examples
• Updated automatic schema generation section
• Added serializer_class documentation for M2MRelationSchema
• Added tabbed examples for related_schema vs serializer_class usage

---

🧪 Tests

• New Detail Schema Test Cases:

• DetailSerializerTestCase in tests/test_serializers.py:

  • test_generate_detail_schema_with_serializer() - Basic detail schema generation
  • test_generate_detail_schema_returns_none_when_not_configured() - None when not configured
  • test_detail_schema_with_relations() - Relations in detail schema
  • test_detail_schema_with_custom_fields() - Custom fields support
  • test_detail_schema_with_optionals() - Optional fields support

• DetailSchemaModelSerializerTestCase in tests/views/test_viewset.py:

  • test_read_schema_has_minimal_fields() - ReadSerializer has minimal fields
  • test_detail_schema_has_extended_fields() - DetailSerializer has extended fields
  • test_get_retrieve_schema_returns_detail() - Retrieve uses detail schema
  • test_get_schemas_returns_four_tuple() - get_schemas returns 4-tuple

• DetailSchemaSerializerTestCase - Tests for Serializer class with schema_detail

• DetailSchemaFallbackTestCase - Tests fallback to schema_out when no detail defined

• New M2M serializer_class Test Cases:

• M2MRelationSchemaSerializerClassTestCase - Tests M2M with serializer_class

• M2MRelationSchemaValidationTestCase:

  • test_serializer_class_with_plain_model_succeeds()
  • test_model_serializer_auto_generates_related_schema()
  • test_serializer_class_with_model_serializer_raises_error()
  • test_plain_model_without_serializer_class_or_related_schema_raises_error()
  • test_explicit_related_schema_takes_precedence()

• New Test Model:

• TestModelSerializerWithDetail in tests/test_app/models.py

• Demonstrates separate ReadSerializer and DetailSerializer configurations

• Updated Existing Tests:

• All schemas property definitions updated to return 4-tuple format
• test_get_schemas updated to expect 4 elements instead of 3
• Refactored ManyToManyAPITestCase into Tests.BaseManyToManyAPITestCase base class

---

🔧 Internal Changes

• Schema Mapping Updates:
• _SCHEMA_META_MAP now includes "detail": "DetailSerializer" for ModelSerializer
• _SERIALIZER_CONFIG_MAP now includes "detail": "detail" for Serializer

• _get_serializer_config() updated to handle "detail" case

• ModelSerializer Changes:

• New DetailSerializer inner class with fields, customs, optionals, excludes attributes
• _generate_model_schema() updated to handle "Detail" schema type

• Schema naming: "Out" → {model}SchemaOut, "Detail" → {model}DetailSchemaOut

• Serializer.Meta Changes:

• New schema_detail: Optional[SchemaModelConfig] attribute

• model_dump() now uses detail schema when available for single object serialization

• M2MRelationSchema Changes:

• New serializer_class: Optional[SerializerMeta] field
• validate_related_schema() validator updated to handle serializer_class
• ManyToManyAPI updated to pass serializer_class to ModelUtil

---

🚀 Use Cases & Examples

Detail Schema for Performance Optimization

from ninja_aio.models import ModelSerializer
from django.db import models

class Article(ModelSerializer):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    summary = models.TextField()
    content = models.TextField()
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag)
    view_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    class ReadSerializer:
        # List view: minimal fields for performance
        fields = ["id", "title", "summary", "author"]

    class DetailSerializer:
        # Detail view: all fields including expensive relations
        fields = ["id", "title", "summary", "content", "author", "tags", "view_count"]
        customs = [
            ("reading_time", int, lambda obj: len(obj.content.split()) // 200),
        ]

@api.viewset(model=Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    pass  # Schemas auto-generated from model

Endpoint Behavior:
- GET /articles/ returns [{"id": 1, "title": "...", "summary": "...", "author": {...}}, ...]
- GET /articles/1 returns {"id": 1, "title": "...", "summary": "...", "content": "...", "author": {...}, "tags": [...], "view_count": 1234, "reading_time": 5}

Detail Schema with Serializer Class

from ninja_aio.models import serializers

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Article
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            # List view: minimal fields
            fields=["id", "title", "summary"]
        )
        schema_detail = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            # Detail view: all fields
            fields=["id", "title", "summary", "content", "author", "tags"],
            customs=[("reading_time", int, lambda obj: len(obj.content.split()) // 200)]
        )

@api.viewset(model=models.Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer

M2M with serializer_class

from ninja_aio.models import serializers
from ninja_aio.schemas import M2MRelationSchema

class TagSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Tag
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(fields=["id", "name"])

@api.viewset(model=Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    m2m_relations = [
        M2MRelationSchema(
            model=Tag,                        # plain Django model
            related_name="tags",
            serializer_class=TagSerializer,   # auto-generates related_schema
            add=True,
            remove=True,
            get=True,
        )
    ]

---

🔍 Migration Guide

Using Detail Schemas

No migration required! Detail schema support is fully backward compatible:

# Existing code continues to work (no DetailSerializer = uses schema_out for retrieve)
class Article(ModelSerializer):
    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title", "content"]  # Used for both list AND retrieve

# New: Add DetailSerializer for different retrieve response
class Article(ModelSerializer):
    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title"]  # Used for list only

    class DetailSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title", "content", "author", "tags"]  # Used for retrieve

Using serializer_class in M2MRelationSchema

# Before (v2.7.0) - Must provide related_schema manually
M2MRelationSchema(
    model=Tag,
    related_name="tags",
    related_schema=TagOut,  # Must define this schema manually
)

# After (v2.8.0) - Can use serializer_class instead
M2MRelationSchema(
    model=Tag,
    related_name="tags",
    serializer_class=TagSerializer,  # Auto-generates related_schema!
)

Updating Custom ViewSet Subclasses

If you override get_schemas(), update to return 4-tuple:

# Before (v2.7.0)
def get_schemas(self):
    return (schema_out, schema_in, schema_update)

# After (v2.8.0)
def get_schemas(self):
    return (schema_out, schema_detail, schema_in, schema_update)

---

🎯 When to Use Detail Schema

• Performance Optimization: Return minimal fields in list views, full details in retrieve
• API Design: Clients get summaries in lists, full objects on individual requests
• Expensive Relations: Avoid loading M2M/reverse relations for list endpoints
• Computed Fields: Only compute expensive fields for single object retrieval
• Bandwidth Optimization: Reduce payload size for list responses

---

📊 Performance Benefits

Scenario	Without Detail Schema	With Detail Schema
List 100 articles	Returns 100 × full content	Returns 100 × summary only
Load M2M tags	Loaded for all 100 items	Only loaded for single retrieve
Computed fields	Calculated for all items	Only calculated on retrieve
Response size	Large (full content)	Optimized per endpoint

---

⚠️ Important Notes

• Fallback Behavior: If DetailSerializer/schema_detail not defined, retrieve uses schema_out
• Schema Generation: generate_detail_s() returns None if no detail config exists
• Backward Compatibility: All existing code works without changes
• 4-Tuple Return: get_schemas() now returns 4 values instead of 3
• M2M Validation: Cannot use serializer_class with ModelSerializer models

---

🙏 Acknowledgments

This release focuses on:
- Enhanced API design flexibility with separate list/detail schemas
- Performance optimization for list endpoints
- Better M2M relation configuration options
- Improved code organization and maintainability

---

🔗 Links

• Documentation
• GitHub Repository
• Issue Tracker
• v2.7.0 Release Notes

---

📦 Quick Start with Detail Schema

from ninja_aio.models import ModelSerializer
from ninja_aio.views import APIViewSet
from ninja_aio import NinjaAIO
from django.db import models

api = NinjaAIO(title="My API")

# Step 1: Define your model with ReadSerializer and DetailSerializer
class Article(ModelSerializer):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    summary = models.TextField()
    content = models.TextField()
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag)

    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title", "summary"]  # Minimal for list

    class DetailSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title", "summary", "content", "author", "tags"]  # Full for retrieve

# Step 2: Create your ViewSet (schemas auto-generated!)
@api.viewset(model=Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    pass

# That's it! Your API now has optimized list and detail endpoints:
# GET /articles/      → Returns list with minimal fields
# GET /articles/{pk}  → Returns single article with all fields

---

Version History

For older versions, please refer to the GitHub releases page.

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.7.0

Jan 13, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.7.0] - 2026-01-13

---

✨ Added

• Union Type Support for Polymorphic Relations:
• relations_serializers now accepts Union[SerializerA, SerializerB] to handle polymorphic relationships
• Enables flexible handling of generic foreign keys, content types, and multi-model relations
• Direct class references: Union[SerializerA, SerializerB]
• String references: Union["SerializerA", "SerializerB"]
• Mixed references: Union[SerializerA, "SerializerB"]
• Absolute import paths: Union["myapp.serializers.SerializerA", SerializerB]
• Lazy resolution of union members supports forward/circular dependencies

• Schema generator creates union of all possible schemas automatically

• Absolute Import Path Support for String References:

• String references now support absolute import paths using dot notation
• Example: "myapp.serializers.UserSerializer" or "users.serializers.UserSerializer"
• Enables cross-module serializer references without circular import issues
• Automatic module importing when needed (uses importlib.import_module())
• Resolves lazily when schemas are generated
• Works seamlessly with Union types

---

🛠 Changed

• Enhanced Serializer Reference Resolution:
• Now handles Union types by recursively resolving each member
• Handles ForwardRef objects created by string type hints in unions (e.g., Union["StringType"])

• Optimizes single-type unions by returning the single type directly

• Enhanced Relation Schema Generation:

• Generates union schemas when serializer reference is a Union type
• Maintains full backward compatibility with single serializer references

• Automatically filters out None schemas from union members

• Updated Type Hints:

• All serializer methods updated to reflect Union support
• Better type safety for Union[Schema, ...] return values
• Clearer documentation of acceptable input types

---

📝 Documentation

• Comprehensive Union Types Documentation in docs/api/models/serializers.md:

• New "Union Types for Polymorphic Relations" section:

  • Complete explanation of Union support with real-world examples
  • Basic polymorphic example with Video and Image serializers
  • All four Union type format variations documented with code samples
  • Use cases: polymorphic relations, flexible APIs, gradual migrations, multi-tenant systems
  • Complete polymorphic example using Django's GenericForeignKey
  • BlogPost/Product/Event example showing complex multi-model relations

• New "String Reference Formats" section:

  • Local class name format: "ArticleSerializer"
  • Absolute import path format: "myapp.serializers.ArticleSerializer"
  • Requirements and resolution behavior documented
  • Cross-module references example with circular dependencies

• Enhanced Configuration Section:

  • relations_serializers parameter updated to document Union support
  • Clear explanation: "Serializer class, string reference, or Union of serializers"
  • Forward/circular dependencies and polymorphic relations highlighted
  • Updated comparison table showing Union support feature

• Updated Key Features:

  • Added Union types for polymorphic relations to key features list
  • Updated notes to mention Union type lazy resolution
  • Added note about schema generator creating unions

• Code Examples and Best Practices:

• Video/Image comment example for basic polymorphic relations
• BlogPost/Product/Event example for complex GenericForeignKey usage
• Cross-module circular reference example (Article ↔ User)
• All four Union format variations with syntax examples

---

🧪 Tests

• New Comprehensive Test Suite - UnionSerializerTestCase in tests/test_serializers.py

• Module-Level Test Serializers:

• AltSerializer - Alternative serializer with different field set (id, name)
• AltStringSerializer - String reference test serializer (id, description)
• MixedAltSerializer - Mixed reference test serializer (id, name, description)
• LocalTestSerializer - Local reference test serializer (id only)

---

🔧 Internal Changes

• Python 3.10+ Compatibility Fix:
• Union types created using Union[tuple] syntax for compatibility
• Replaced incompatible reduce(or_, resolved_types) pattern
• Works correctly across Python 3.10, 3.11, 3.12+
• No dependency on functools.reduce or operator.or_

• Uses Python's typing system to expand Union[tuple] automatically

• Code Organization:

• Extracted string resolution logic into dedicated _resolve_string_reference() method
• Extracted union schema generation into dedicated _generate_union_schema() method
• Improved separation of concerns and code reusability
• Better error messages with full import paths in exceptions

---

🚀 Use Cases & Examples

Basic Polymorphic Relations

from typing import Union
from ninja_aio.models import serializers

class VideoSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Video
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "title", "duration", "url"]
        )

class ImageSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Image
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "title", "width", "height", "url"]
        )

class CommentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Comment
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "text", "content_object"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "content_object": Union[VideoSerializer, ImageSerializer],
        }

Cross-Module References

# myapp/serializers.py
class ArticleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Article
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "title", "author"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "author": "users.serializers.UserSerializer",  # Absolute path
        }

# users/serializers.py
class UserSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.User
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "username", "articles"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "articles": "myapp.serializers.ArticleSerializer",  # Circular ref!
        }

Generic Foreign Keys

from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
from typing import Union

class CommentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Comment
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "text", "created_at", "content_object"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "content_object": Union[
                BlogPostSerializer,
                ProductSerializer,
                EventSerializer
            ],
        }

---

🔍 Migration Guide

Using Union Types

No migration needed! Union support is fully backward compatible:

# Existing code continues to work
class MySerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = MyModel
        relations_serializers = {
            "author": AuthorSerializer,  # ✅ Still works
        }

# New Union syntax available
class MySerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = MyModel
        relations_serializers = {
            "content": Union[VideoSerializer, ImageSerializer],  # ✅ New!
        }

Using Absolute Import Paths

Update string references to use absolute paths for cross-module references:

# Before (v2.6.1) - Only local references worked
relations_serializers = {
    "author": "AuthorSerializer",  # Must be in same module
}

# After (v2.7.0) - Absolute paths supported
relations_serializers = {
    "author": "users.serializers.AuthorSerializer",  # ✅ Cross-module!
}

String Reference Formats

Both formats are supported:

relations_serializers = {
    # Local reference (same module)
    "field1": "LocalSerializer",

    # Absolute import path (any module)
    "field2": "myapp.serializers.RemoteSerializer",

    # Union with mixed formats
    "field3": Union["LocalSerializer", "myapp.other.RemoteSerializer"],
}

---

🎯 When to Use Union Types

• Polymorphic Relations: Generic foreign keys, Django ContentType relations
• Flexible APIs: Different response formats based on runtime type
• Gradual Migrations: Transitioning between serializer implementations
• Multi-Tenant Systems: Different serialization per tenant
• Dynamic Content: CMS systems with multiple content types
• Activity Feeds: Mixed content types in single endpoint

---

📊 Performance Notes

• Lazy Resolution: Union members resolved only when schemas generated (no startup overhead)
• Schema Caching: Generated schemas can be cached for better performance
• Memory Efficient: Only generates schemas for types actually used
• Import Optimization: Absolute paths only import modules when needed

---

⚠️ Important Notes

• String References: Resolve within same module by default; use absolute paths for cross-module
• Union Schema Generation: Creates union of all possible schemas from union members
• Backward Compatibility: All existing code continues to work without changes
• Python Version: Requires Python 3.10+ (Union syntax compatibility)
• Type Validation: Union types provide type hints but runtime validation depends on your model logic

---

🙏 Acknowledgments

This release focuses on:
- Enhanced flexibility for polymorphic relationships
- Better support for complex project architectures
- Improved developer experience with cross-module references
- Python 3.10+ compatibility and modern typing features

---

🔗 Links

• Documentation
• GitHub Repository
• Issue Tracker
• v2.6.1 Release Notes

---

📦 Quick Start with Union Types

from typing import Union
from ninja_aio.models import serializers

# Step 1: Define your serializers
class VideoSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Video
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(fields=["id", "title", "url"])

class ImageSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Image
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(fields=["id", "title", "url"])

# Step 2: Use Union in relations_serializers
class CommentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Comment
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "text", "content_object"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "content_object": Union[VideoSerializer, ImageSerializer],
        }

# Step 3: Use with APIViewSet (automatic!)
@api.viewset(model=Comment)
class CommentViewSet(APIViewSet):
    serializer_class = CommentSerializer
    # Union types work automatically!

---

Version History

For older versions, please refer to the GitHub releases page.

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.6.1

Jan 12, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.6.1] - 2026-01-12

---

✨ Added

• String Reference Support for Relations:
• relations_serializers now accepts string references (e.g., "ArticleSerializer") in addition to class references
• Enables forward references and circular dependencies between serializers

• Lazy resolution of serializer references when schemas are generated

• New Internal Methods:

• BaseSerializer._resolve_serializer_reference() - Resolves string or class serializer references
• BaseSerializer._resolve_relation_schema() - Centralized relation schema resolution logic

---

🛠 Changed

• Schema Generation Lifecycle:
• Removed eager schema generation from Serializer.__init_subclass__()
• Schemas are now generated on-demand via explicit calls to generate_*() methods
• Removed cached schema properties (.schema_in, .schema_out, .schema_update, .schema_related)

• Breaking: Must use generate_create_s(), generate_read_s(), etc. instead of accessing properties

• Internal Refactoring:

• Replaced match/case with if/elif statements in _generate_model_schema() for better readability
• Added configuration mapping dictionaries (_SERIALIZER_CONFIG_MAP) to simplify lookups
• Consolidated duplicate schema resolution logic in relation handling methods

• Improved code organization with clearer comments and structure

• APIViewSet Integration:

• Added serializer instance property initialized from serializer_class()
• Better integration with on-demand schema generation

---

📝 Documentation

• Updated Serializer Documentation:
• Added "String References for Forward/Circular Dependencies" section with examples
• Updated "Schema Generation" section to clarify on-demand generation
• Removed outdated references to eager schema generation
• Updated comparison table: "Auto-binding" → "Schema generation"

• Enhanced configuration section with bold formatting and clearer descriptions

• Key Documentation Changes:

• Emphasized that generate_*() methods must be called explicitly
• Documented string reference requirements (same module, lazy resolution)
• Added circular dependency example with AuthorSerializer ↔ ArticleSerializer

---

⚠ Breaking Changes & Migration Notes

Removed Schema Properties

Schema properties have been removed from Serializer class. You must now explicitly call generation methods:

# Before (v2.5.0) - NO LONGER WORKS
ArticleSerializer.schema_in       # ❌ AttributeError
ArticleSerializer.schema_out      # ❌ AttributeError
ArticleSerializer.schema_update   # ❌ AttributeError
ArticleSerializer.schema_related  # ❌ AttributeError

# After (v2.6.0) - Explicit generation required
ArticleSerializer.generate_create_s()   # ✅ Returns create schema
ArticleSerializer.generate_read_s()     # ✅ Returns read schema
ArticleSerializer.generate_update_s()   # ✅ Returns update schema
ArticleSerializer.generate_related_s()  # ✅ Returns related schema

Note: This change typically doesn't affect user code since these methods are called internally by APIViewSet. Only relevant if you're calling these methods directly.

---

🔍 Migration Guide

1. Update Schema Access in Custom Code

If you're directly accessing schema properties, update to use generation methods:

# Before (v2.5.0)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    def get_schemas(self):
        return {
            "in": self.serializer_class.schema_in,      # ❌ No longer works
            "out": self.serializer_class.schema_out,    # ❌ No longer works
        }

# After (v2.6.0)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    def get_schemas(self):
        return {
            "in": self.serializer_class.generate_create_s(),   # ✅ Explicit generation
            "out": self.serializer_class.generate_read_s(),    # ✅ Explicit generation
        }

2. Use String References for Circular Dependencies

Take advantage of string references to simplify circular dependencies:

# Before (v2.5.0) - Workarounds needed for circular refs
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Author
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "name", "articles"]
        )
        # Had to carefully order class definitions or use late binding

# After (v2.6.0) - String references make it easy
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Author
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "name", "articles"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "articles": "ArticleSerializer",  # ✅ Forward reference
        }

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Article
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "title", "author"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "author": "AuthorSerializer",  # ✅ Circular reference works!
        }

String Reference Requirements:
- Must be the exact class name as a string
- Serializer must be defined in the same module
- Resolution happens lazily when generate_*() is called
- Both forward and circular references are supported

3. Schema Generation Best Practices

In APIViewSet (no changes needed):

# APIViewSet handles schema generation automatically
@api.viewset(model=Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    # No changes needed - works automatically

In Custom Code (call generate methods):

# Explicit schema generation when needed
from ninja import Router

router = Router()

@router.post("/articles/", response=ArticleSerializer.generate_read_s())
async def create_article(request, payload: ArticleSerializer.generate_create_s()):
    serializer = ArticleSerializer()
    instance = await serializer.create(payload.model_dump())
    return await serializer.model_dump(instance)

Caching Schemas (if needed for performance):

# Cache schemas at module level if generating repeatedly
ARTICLE_CREATE_SCHEMA = ArticleSerializer.generate_create_s()
ARTICLE_READ_SCHEMA = ArticleSerializer.generate_read_s()

@router.post("/articles/", response=ARTICLE_READ_SCHEMA)
async def create_article(payload: ARTICLE_CREATE_SCHEMA):
    # Use cached schemas
    pass

4. Complete Migration Example

Here's a complete before/after example:

# Before (v2.5.0)
from ninja_aio.models import serializers
from ninja_aio import NinjaAIO
from ninja_aio.views import APIViewSet

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Author
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "name"]
        )

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Article
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "title", "author"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "author": AuthorSerializer,  # Required class ordering
        }

# Access schemas (no longer works)
create_schema = ArticleSerializer.schema_in      # ❌
read_schema = ArticleSerializer.schema_out       # ❌

# After (v2.6.0)
from ninja_aio.models import serializers
from ninja_aio import NinjaAIO
from ninja_aio.views import APIViewSet

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Author
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "name", "articles"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "articles": "ArticleSerializer",  # ✅ String reference
        }

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Article
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "title", "author"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "author": "AuthorSerializer",  # ✅ Circular reference!
        }

# Explicit schema generation
create_schema = ArticleSerializer.generate_create_s()  # ✅
read_schema = ArticleSerializer.generate_read_s()      # ✅

# Using with APIViewSet (no changes needed)
api = NinjaAIO()

@api.viewset(model=Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    # Automatically works with on-demand generation

---

🐛 Bug Fixes

• Fixed lazy resolution issues with forward and circular serializer references
• Improved error messages when string references cannot be resolved
• Corrected model_dump() and models_dump() to use explicit schema generation
• Fixed potential issues with model_util vs util attribute naming

---

🚀 Performance Improvements

• Reduced Initialization Overhead: Schemas only generated when actually needed
• Memory Efficiency: Unused schemas are never created
• Lazy Resolution: String references resolved on-demand, reducing startup time
• Faster Imports: Removed eager schema generation from module import time

---

📊 Code Quality Improvements

• Reduced Code Duplication:
• Extracted common relation resolution logic into _resolve_relation_schema()
• Consolidated duplicate code in _build_schema_reverse_rel() and _build_schema_forward_rel()

• Reduced relation handling code by ~40 lines

• Improved Maintainability:

• Replaced match/case with clearer if/elif statements
• Added configuration mapping dictionaries for cleaner lookups
• Better code organization with descriptive comments

• Consistent use of any() for empty checks

• Better Readability:

• Flattened nesting in _generate_model_schema()
• Clearer separation between special cases and standard logic
• Improved docstrings and parameter descriptions
• More descriptive variable names

---

🙏 Acknowledgments

This release focuses on:
- Architectural improvements for forward/circular dependency support
- Cleaner, more maintainable internal code structure
- On-demand resource generation for better performance
- Enhanced developer experience with string references

---

📝 Notes

• Schema Generation: While properties were removed, APIViewSet automatically calls generate_*() methods, so most applications won't need code changes

• Performance: On-demand generation typically improves startup time. If you need schemas multiple times, consider caching them at module level

• String References: Only resolve within the same module. For cross-module references, use direct class imports

• Backward Compatibility: Code using APIViewSet continues to work without changes. Direct schema property access will raise AttributeError

• Internal Refactoring: This release includes significant internal refactoring for code quality without changing public APIs (except removal of schema properties)

---

🔗 Links

• Documentation
• GitHub Repository
• Issue Tracker
• v2.5.0 Release Notes

---

📦 Upgrade Checklist

Use this checklist when upgrading from v2.5.0 to v2.6.0:

• [ ] Search codebase for .schema_in, .schema_out, .schema_update, .schema_related property access
• [ ] Replace with generate_create_s(), generate_read_s(), generate_update_s(), generate_related_s() calls
• [ ] Update any circular serializer references to use string references
• [ ] Review custom create() and update() method implementations (if any)
• [ ] Test all CRUD endpoints to ensure proper functionality
• [ ] Update any schema caching logic to use explicit generation
• [ ] Review and update API documentation if it references old property access

---

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.5.0

Jan 12, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.5.0] - 2026-01-12

---

✨ Added

• APIViewSet Enhancements:
• model_verbose_name and model_verbose_name_plural attributes for display name customization

• Automatic transaction wrapping on create, update, and delete operations

• ModelUtil Query Methods:

• New properties:
  • with_serializer - Check if serializer_class is attached
  • pk_field_type - Python type corresponding to the primary key field
  • model_name - Django internal model name

---

🛠 Changed

• APIViewSet:
• CRUD views now automatically decorated with @aatomic for transactional integrity

• Enhanced get_schemas() method for unified schema generation from both ModelSerializer and Serializer

• ModelUtil:

• Query optimization merging logic improved to respect both model and serializer configurations

• Serializer Lifecycle Hooks:

• All Serializer hooks now consistently receive instance parameter
• Inline execution of before/after save hooks integrated with @aatomic decorator
• Hook signatures standardized: custom_actions(payload, instance), post_create(instance), before_save(instance), etc.

---

📝 Documentation

• New Documentation Pages:
• Transaction Management section in APIViewSet docs
• Extra Decorators section with examples and configuration
• Enhanced ModelUtil properties documentation

• Query method parameter documentation with detailed examples

• Enhanced Content:

• APIViewSet Core Attributes table updated with new fields
• Serializer lifecycle hooks section with complete signature examples
• ModelUtil method signatures with all parameters documented
• CRUD operation flows documented for Serializer pattern

---

⚠ Breaking Changes & Migration Notes

Transaction Behavior (New Default)

Create, update, and delete operations are now automatically wrapped in database transactions:

# Automatic transaction wrapping (new in v2.5.0)
@api.viewset(model=Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    pass  # create/update/delete wrapped in @aatomic

Migration: If you were manually managing transactions in lifecycle hooks, you may encounter nested transaction issues. Remove manual transaction management:

# Before (v2.4.0)
async def post_create(self, instance):
    async with transaction.atomic():  # Remove this
        await AuditLog.objects.acreate(...)

# After (v2.5.0)
async def post_create(self, instance):
    # Transaction already managed by @aatomic
    await AuditLog.objects.acreate(...)

Serializer Hook Signatures

Added Serializer hooks signatures, they are standardized to always receive instance:

# v2.5.0 - Standardized (always receive instance)
class MySerializer(Serializer):
    async def custom_actions(self, payload, instance):
        # instance parameter required
        pass

    async def post_create(self, instance):
        # instance parameter required
        pass

    def before_save(self, instance):
        # instance parameter required
        pass

    def after_save(self, instance):
        # instance parameter required
        pass

    def on_delete(self, instance):
        # instance parameter required
        pass

---

🔍 Migration Guide

1. Updating Serializer Lifecycle Hooks

If you're using Serializer (Meta-driven pattern), update hook signatures to receive instance parameter:

from ninja_aio.models import serializers
from asgiref.sync import sync_to_async

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        schema_in = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["title", "content", "author"],
            customs=[("send_notification", bool, True)]
        )
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "title", "content", "author", "created_at"]
        )

    # Async hooks - receive instance parameter
    async def custom_actions(self, payload, instance):
        """Execute custom logic after field assignment."""
        if payload.get("send_notification"):
            # Access instance fields
            await send_email(
                instance.author.email,
                f"Article created: {instance.title}"
            )

    async def post_create(self, instance):
        """Hook after first save (creation only)."""
        await AuditLog.objects.acreate(
            action="article_created",
            article_id=instance.id,
            user_id=instance.author_id
        )

    # Sync hooks - also receive instance parameter
    def before_save(self, instance):
        """Modify instance before save."""
        from django.utils.text import slugify
        if not instance.slug:
            instance.slug = slugify(instance.title)

    def after_save(self, instance):
        """Execute logic after save."""
        # Clear cache
        from django.core.cache import cache
        cache.delete(f"article:{instance.id}")

    def on_create_before_save(self, instance):
        """Before save, creation only."""
        instance.view_count = 0

    def on_create_after_save(self, instance):
        """After save, creation only."""
        # Log creation
        import logging
        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
        logger.info(f"Article {instance.id} created")

    def on_delete(self, instance):
        """After deletion."""
        import logging
        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
        logger.info(f"Article {instance.id} deleted")

Key Points:
- All hooks receive instance as a parameter
- Async hooks: custom_actions(payload, instance), post_create(instance)
- Sync hooks: before_save(instance), after_save(instance), on_delete(instance)
- Creation-specific hooks: on_create_before_save(instance), on_create_after_save(instance)

2. Configuring QuerySet Optimization

Add QuerySet configuration to your Serializer or ModelSerializer for automatic query optimization:

from ninja_aio.models import serializers
from ninja_aio.schemas.helpers import ModelQuerySetSchema, ModelQuerySetExtraSchema

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        schema_out = serializers.SchemaModelConfig(
            fields=["id", "title", "content", "author", "category", "tags"]
        )
        relations_serializers = {
            "author": AuthorSerializer,
            "category": CategorySerializer,
            "tags": TagSerializer,
        }

    class QuerySet:
        # Applied to list and retrieve operations
        read = ModelQuerySetSchema(
            select_related=["author", "category"],
            prefetch_related=["tags"],
        )

        # Applied when queryset_request hook is called
        queryset_request = ModelQuerySetSchema(
            select_related=["author__profile"],
            prefetch_related=["comments", "comments__author"],
        )

        # Named scopes for specific use cases
        extras = [
            ModelQuerySetExtraSchema(
                scope="detail_view",
                select_related=["author", "author__profile", "category"],
                prefetch_related=["tags", "comments", "comments__author"],
            ),
            ModelQuerySetExtraSchema(
                scope="list_view",
                select_related=["author", "category"],
                prefetch_related=["tags"],
            ),
        ]

    @classmethod
    async def queryset_request(cls, request):
        """
        Optional: Customize queryset based on request.
        Automatically enhanced with QuerySet.queryset_request optimizations.
        """
        qs = cls._meta.model.objects.all()

        # Filter based on user permissions
        if not request.user.is_staff:
            qs = qs.filter(is_published=True)

        # Add request-specific filters
        if request.GET.get("featured"):
            qs = qs.filter(is_featured=True)

        return qs

For ModelSerializer:

from ninja_aio.models import ModelSerializer
from ninja_aio.schemas.helpers import ModelQuerySetSchema
from django.db import models

class Article(ModelSerializer):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, related_name="articles")

    class ReadSerializer:
        fields = ["id", "title", "content", "author", "category", "tags"]

    class QuerySet:
        read = ModelQuerySetSchema(
            select_related=["author", "category"],
            prefetch_related=["tags"],
        )
        queryset_request = ModelQuerySetSchema(
            select_related=["author__profile"],
            prefetch_related=["comments"],
        )

    @classmethod
    async def queryset_request(cls, request):
        """Optimize queries for this model."""
        return cls.objects.select_related("author", "category")

How QuerySet Configuration Works:

1. read: Applied automatically to list and retrieve operations when is_for_read=True
2. queryset_request: Applied when with_qs_request=True (default) in get_objects() or get_object()
3. extras: Named scopes accessible via QueryUtil.SCOPES for custom scenarios
4. Merging: Optimizations from multiple sources are merged (no duplicates)

Benefits:
- Eliminates N+1 queries automatically
- Centralizes query optimization configuration
- Works with both ModelSerializer and Serializer patterns
- Optimizations apply to all CRUD operations

3. Customizing Model Display Names

Override verbose names without modifying models:

@api.viewset(model=Article)
class ArticleViewSet(APIViewSet):
    model_verbose_name = "Blog Post"
    model_verbose_name_plural = "Blog Posts"
    # OpenAPI will use "Blog Post" instead of "Article"

---

🐛 Bug Fixes

• Fixed query optimization merging when both model and serializer provide hints
• Corrected read_s() behavior when both instance and query_data provided (now raises clear error)
• Improved error messages for missing primary key in get_object()
• Fixed duplicate route registration with @unique_view decorator

---

🚀 Performance Improvements

• Transaction management with @aatomic reduces database round-trips
• Query optimization merging eliminates redundant select_related/prefetch_related
• with_qs_request parameter allows skipping hook when not needed

---

🙏 Acknowledgments

This release focuses on:
- Enhanced transaction safety
- Flexible query control
- Per-operation customization
- Comprehensive documentation

---

📝 Notes

• Backward Compatibility: All v2.4.0 code continues to work. New parameters have sensible defaults.

• Transaction Overhead: The @aatomic decorator adds minimal overhead. If you need non-transactional operations, override the view methods directly.

• Query Parameters: with_qs_request defaults to True to maintain v2.4.0 behavior. Set to False to skip the queryset_request hook.

• Serializer Hooks: If migrating from v2.4.0 Serializer usage, ensure all hooks accept the instance parameter.

---

🔗 Links

• Documentation
• GitHub Repository
• Issue Tracker
• v2.4.0 Release Notes

---

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.4.0

Jan 09, 2026

Release Notes

[v2.4.0] - 2026-01-09

---

✨ Added

• Serializer (Meta-driven):
• New Serializer for vanilla Django models configured via nested Meta (no ModelSerializer inheritance).
• Dynamic schema generation helpers: generate_read_s, generate_create_s, generate_update_s, generate_related_s.
• Relation handling via relations_serializers for forward and reverse relations.
• APIViewSet:
• serializer_class to auto-generate missing schemas for non-ModelSerializer models and drive queryset_request.
• ModelUtil:
• Accepts serializer_class to build querysets using Serializer.queryset_request when provided.
• Docs/README:
• New docs page: api/models/serializers.md with usage and examples.
• README sections/examples for Meta-driven Serializer.
• MkDocs nav entry for Serializer.
• Tests:
• Serializer tests (forward and reverse relations).
• Viewset tests using serializer_class-backed endpoints.

---

🛠 Changed

• Package layout:
• ninja_aio/models/init.py now exports ModelUtil and ModelSerializer.
• models.py refactored to models/utils.py; ModelSerializer moved to models/serializers.py.
• API internals:
• APIViewSet.compute_schema generates schemas from serializer_class for vanilla models; retains model-backed generation for ModelSerializer.
• ModelUtil.get_queryset_request uses serializer_class when provided.
• Docs:
• Index formatting tweaks; added links and examples for Serializer docs.

---

📝 Documentation

• Serializer (Meta-driven):
• Configure via Meta: model, schema_in, schema_out, schema_update, relations_serializers.
• Examples for FK and reverse relations; customs and optionals.
• APIViewSet:
• Using serializer_class to auto-generate schemas and plug into queryset_request.
• README:
• Quick example attaching Serializer to APIViewSet.
• MkDocs:
• Added nav entry under Models: Serializer (Meta-driven).

---

⚠ Notes / Potential Impact

• Relation serializers:
• Reverse relations on vanilla models need relations_serializers entries to include nested schemas; otherwise skipped unless the related model is a ModelSerializer.
• A UserWarning is emitted when a reverse relation is listed without a mapping; suppressed in tests via NINJA_AIO_TESTING=True.
• Refactor:
• Imports may need updates due to ModelUtil relocation and new serializers module.

---

🔍 Migration / Action

1. Define a Meta-driven Serializer for existing Django models and attach it to APIViewSet via serializer_class.
2. Provide relations_serializers for reverse relations to include nested schemas on read.
3. Update imports:
   - from ninja_aio.models import ModelUtil, ModelSerializer
   - from ninja_aio.models.serializers import Serializer, SchemaModelConfig
4. If relying on queryset_request with vanilla models, implement Serializer.queryset_request; APIViewSet and ModelUtil will use it automatically.

GitHub Release · Diff

v2.3.2

Jan 08, 2026

No release notes for this version.

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v2.3.1

Jan 07, 2026

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v2.3.0

Jan 04, 2026

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v2.2.0

Jan 03, 2026

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v2.1.0

Jan 02, 2026

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v2.0.0

Dec 16, 2025

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v2.0.0-rc1

Dec 07, 2025

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v2.0.0-rc2

Dec 12, 2025

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v2.0.0-rc3

Dec 12, 2025

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v2.0.0-rc4

Dec 12, 2025

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v2.0.0-rc5

Dec 12, 2025

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Dec 12, 2025

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v2.0.0-rc7

Dec 16, 2025

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v1.0.5

Dec 07, 2025

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v1.0.4

Nov 03, 2025

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v1.0.3

Nov 03, 2025

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v1.0.2

Nov 01, 2025

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v1.0.1

Oct 30, 2025

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v1.0.0

Oct 28, 2025

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v0.11.4

Oct 28, 2025

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v0.11.3

Oct 28, 2025

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v0.11.1

Oct 28, 2025

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v0.11.0

Oct 26, 2025

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v0.10.3

Sep 23, 2025

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v0.10.2

Sep 18, 2025

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v0.10.1

Sep 18, 2025

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v0.10.0

Sep 15, 2025

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0.9.2

Aug 25, 2025

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v0.9.1

Aug 25, 2025

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v0.9.0

Jul 18, 2025

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v0.8.4

Jun 20, 2025

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Jun 18, 2025

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v0.8.2

Jun 18, 2025

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v0.8.1

Jun 18, 2025

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v0.8.0

May 15, 2025

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v0.7.8

Mar 21, 2025

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v0.7.7

Mar 05, 2025

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v0.7.6

Feb 24, 2025

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v0.7.5

Feb 22, 2025

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v0.7.4

Feb 20, 2025

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v0.7.3

Feb 19, 2025

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v0.7.2

Jan 30, 2025

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v0.7.1

Jan 29, 2025

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v0.7.0

Jan 29, 2025

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v0.6.4

Jan 22, 2025

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v0.6.3

Jan 22, 2025

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v0.6.2

Jan 19, 2025

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v0.6.1

Jan 13, 2025

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v0.6.0

Jan 12, 2025

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v0.5.0

Jan 09, 2025

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v0.4.0

Jan 08, 2025

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v0.3.1

Nov 07, 2024

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v0.3.0

Oct 10, 2024

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v0.2.2

Oct 03, 2024

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v0.2.1

Oct 02, 2024

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v0.2.0

Oct 01, 2024

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v0.1.4

Sep 29, 2024

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Sep 28, 2024

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v0.1.2

Sep 26, 2024

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Sep 26, 2024

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